Pulmonary complications in children with Down syndrome: A scoping review

Lausnay, Mariska De; Ides, Kris; Wojciechowski, Marek; Boudewyns, An; Verhulst, Stijn; Hoorenbeeck, Kim Van

doi:10.1016/j.prrv.2021.04.006

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Additionally, children and adolescents with DS show less physical activity than their peers without DS [ 76 , 77 , 78 ], although the tested level of physical activity in adolescents without DS turned out to be insufficient in 80% of them [ 79 ]. What is worse, PWDS tend to become less active as they become older, with higher rates of obesity in girls [ 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 ]. Although the activity level among children with DS was lower, the caloric intake was higher in this group [ 75 ].…”

Section: Down Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Population with Down Syndrome: Obesity and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Their Assessment Using Omics Techniques—Review

Hetman

Barg

2022

Biomedicines

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People with Down syndrome (PWDS) are more at risk for developing obesity, oxidative stress disorders, metabolic disorders, and lipid and carbohydrate profile disorders than the general population. The presence of an additional copy of genes on chromosome 21 (i.e., the superoxide dismutase 1 gene (SOD1) and gene coding for the cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) enzyme) raises the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). As a result of disorders in metabolic processes and biochemical pathways, theoretically protective factors (low homocysteine level, high SOD1 level) do not fulfil their original functions. Overexpression of the CBS gene leads to the accumulation of homocysteine—a CVD risk factor. An excessive amount of protective SOD1, in the case of a lack of compensatory increase in the activity of catalase and peroxidase, leads to intensifying free radical processes. The occurrence of metabolic disorders and the amplified effect of oxidative stress carries higher risk of exposure of people with DS to CVD. At present, classic predispositions are known, but it is necessary to identify early risk factors in order to be able to employ CVD and obesity prophylaxis. Detailed determination of the metabolic and lipid profile may provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying CVD.

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Section: Down Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Population with Down Syndrome: Obesity and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Their Assessment Using Omics Techniques—Review

Hetman

Barg

2022

Biomedicines

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“…Pulmonary artery hypertension (PHN) needs to be considered in DS individuals once clinically suspected, as it can lead to unwanted irreversible complications [1] .…”

Section: Pulmonary Artery Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality in the general population with an incidence around 1 in 700 live birth [1] . It was first described by John Langdon Down in 1866 [2] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This chromosomal anomaly is characterized by distinctive dysmorphic features, anatomical anomalies and functional defects. Variable body systems can be involved, including but not limited to respiratory system [1] . People with Down syndrome have a life expectancy about 3 decades lower than the general population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Respiratory conditions account for one third of deaths of children with DS [5] . Lower respiratory illnesses spectrum includes but not limited to increased risks of lower respiratory tract infections, recurrent wheezing, airways anomalies, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary artery hypertension (PHT), and Morgagni hernia [1,[6][7][8] . Although there has been a noticeable improvement in Down syndrome care, awareness of lower respiratory illnesses in DS is necessary [1,4] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lower Respiratory Conditions in Down Syndrome: Review Article

Alharbi

2022

The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine

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Background: Down syndrome (DS) is by far the most common chromosomal abnormality, manifested clinically with distinctive dysmorphism, functional and anatomical defects compromising multiple body systems with greater impact on respiratory system. Objective: This review aim to review and summarize reported lower respiratory conditions that exceeded the general population prevalence and their clinical outcomes in DS. Methods: The databases were searched for articles published on 2 databases [PubMed and Google scholar] and Boolean operators (and, or, not) had been used such as [Down syndrome, trismomy21, respiratory, pulmonary] and in peerreviewed articles between January 2005 and June 2022. Conclusion:The spectrum of lower respiratory conditions in Down syndrome is wide. Multiple conditions confirmed to be higher in individuals with DS compared to normal population. In this article we reviewed the prevalence and outcomes of lower respiratory infections, recurrent wheezing, airways anomalies, pulmonary artery hypertension (PHN), Morgagni hernia and subpleural cysts. The rarity and the non-specific clinical presentation of some conditions lead to delayed diagnosis and intervention, warranting a need for awareness efforts targeting general practitioners and general pediatricians.

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Flexible bronchoscopy in pediatric patients with Down syndrome: A case‐control study of the indications, findings, and complications

Arwas

Goldbart

Aviram

et al. 2023

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Background: Children with Down syndrome (DS) often undergo flexible bronchoscopies (FB) due to common respiratory symptoms. Objective: To examine the indications, findings, and complications of FB in pediatric DS patients. Methods: A retrospective case-control study on FB performed in DS pediatric patients between 2004 and 2021 in a tertiary center. DS patients were matched to controls (1:3) based on age, gender, and ethnicity. Data collected included demographics, comorbidities, indications, findings, and complications. Results: Fifty DS patients (median age 1.36 years, 56% males) and 150 controls (median age 1.27 years, 56% males), were included. Evaluation for obstructive sleep apnea and oxygen dependence were more common indications among DS (38% vs.8%, 22% vs. 4%, p < 0.01, respectively). Normal bronchoscopy was less frequent in DS compared with controls (8% vs. 28%, p = 0.01). Soft palate incompetence and tracheal bronchus were more frequent in DS (12% vs. 3.3%, p = 0.024, 8% vs. 0.7%, p = 0.02, respectively). Complications were more frequent in DS (22% vs. 9.3%, incidence rate ratio [IRR] 2.36, p = 0.028). In DS, cardiac anomalies (IRR 3.96, p < 0.01), pulmonary hypertension (IRR 3.76, p = 0.006), and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) hospitalization before the procedure (IRR 4.2, p < 0.001) were associated with higher complication rates. In a multivariate regression model, history of cardiac disease and PICU hospitalization before the procedure, but not DS, were independent risk factors for complications with an IRR of 4 and 3.1, respectively (p = 0.006, p = 0.05). Conclusion:DS pediatric patients undergoing FB are a unique population with specific indications and findings. DS pediatric patients with cardiac anomalies and pulmonary hypertension are at the highest risk for complications.

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Pulmonary complications in children with Down syndrome: A scoping review

Cited by 8 publications

References 60 publications

Pediatric Population with Down Syndrome: Obesity and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Their Assessment Using Omics Techniques—Review

Pediatric Population with Down Syndrome: Obesity and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Their Assessment Using Omics Techniques—Review

Lower Respiratory Conditions in Down Syndrome: Review Article

Flexible bronchoscopy in pediatric patients with Down syndrome: A case‐control study of the indications, findings, and complications

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