Pulmonary Function and Symptom Responses after 6.6-Hour Exposure to 0.12 ppm Ozone with Moderate Exercise

Folinsbee, Lawrence J.; McDonnell, William F.; Horstman, Donald H.

doi:10.1080/08940630.1988.10466349

Cited by 144 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Epidemiological studies have found associations between low ozone levels and: 1) decline in pulmonary functions (Galizia and Kinney, 1999;Folinbee et al, 1988;Kinney et al, 1996;Devlin et al, 1991); 2) increase in hospital admissions for asthma, especially among children (Stern et al, 1994;Galizia and Kinney, 1999); and 3) congestive heart failure among the elderly (Burnett et al, 1997b). Positive associations between short-term 1-hour max ozone levels and mortality, adjusted for the potential confounding effects of other pollutants and weather, have been found in Los Angeles and New York (Kinney and Ozkaynak, 1991;Kinney et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The health effects associated with short-term exposure to ambient ozone are well documented in air pollution studies (Galizia and Kinney, 1999;Devlin et al, 1991;Folinbee et al, 1988;Kinney et al, 1996;Stern et al, 1994;Levy et al, 2001;Kelsall et al, 1997;Moolgavkar, 2000;Thurston and Ito, 2001;Glodberg et al, 2001). Exposure to ozone levels less than 100ppb can irritate the respiratory tract, particularly for sensitive populations, concentrations above 300ppb can cause nose and throat irritation, and levels above 1000ppb (typical levels in very smoggy air) can cause breathing problems and headaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bayesian hierarchical distributed lag models for summer ozone exposure and cardio‐respiratory mortality

2005

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In this paper we develop Bayesian hierarchical distributed lag models for estimating associations between daily variations in summer ozone levels and daily variations in cardiovascular and respiratory (CVDRESP) mortality counts for 19 large U.S. cities included in the National Morbidity Mortality Air Pollution Study (NMMAPS) for the period 1987 -1994.At the first stage, we define a semi-parametric distributed lag Poisson regression model to estimate city-specific relative rates of CVDRESP associated with short-term exposure to summer ozone. At the second stage, we specify a class of distributions for the true cityspecific relative rates to estimate an overall effect by taking into account the variability within and across cities. We perform the calculations with respect to several random effects distributions (normal, t-student, and mixture of normal), thus relaxing the common assumption of a two-stage normal-normal hierarchical model. We assess the sensitivity of the results to: 1) lag structure for ozone exposure; 2) degree of adjustment for long-term trends; 3) inclusion of other pollutants in the model; 4) heat waves; 5) random effects distributions; and 6) prior hyperparameters.On average across cities, we found that a 10ppb increase in summer ozone level for every day in the previous week is associated with 1.25 percent increase in CVDRESP mortality (95% posterior regions: 0.47, 2.03). The relative rate estimates are also positive and statistically significant at lags 0, 1, and 2. We found that associations between summer ozone and CVDRESP mortality are sensitive to the confounding adjustment for P M 10 , but are robust to: 1) the adjustment for long-term trends, other gaseous pollutants (N O 2 , SO 2 , and CO); 2) the distributional assumptions at the second stage of the hierarchical model; and 3) the prior distributions on all unknown parameters.Bayesian hierarchical distributed lag models and their application to the NMMAPS data allow us estimation of an acute health effect associated with exposure to ambient air pollution in the last few days on average across several locations. The application of these methods and the systematic assessment of the sensitivity of findings to model assumptions provide important epidemiological evidence for future air quality regulations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian hierarchical distributed lag models for summer ozone exposure and cardio‐respiratory mortality

2005

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“…Controlled clinical studies have demonstrated that decrements in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), occurred in healthy, exercising adults exposed to ozone concentrations of 0.080 to 0.12 ppm for up to 6.6 hr (6)(7)(8). When asthmatics and healthy individuals were exposed solely to ozone, changes in respiratory function were similar (9), but asthmatics who were exposed to ozone and then challenged with an allergen had a greater response than a control group (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Relationship between summertime ambient ozone levels and emergency department visits for asthma in central New Jersey.

Weisel

Cody

Lioy

1995

Environ Health Perspect

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The 5-year retrospective study of the association between temperature and emergency department (ED) visits for asthma with mean ambient ozone levels between 10:00 and 15:00 was conducted in central New Jersey during the summer months. An association was identified in each of the years (1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990). Between 8 and 34% of the total variance in ED visits for asthma was explained by the two environmental variables in the step-wise multiple regression analysis. ED visits occurred 28% more frequently when the mean ozone levels were >0.06 ppm than when they were < 0.06 ppm. This result was statistically significant in a covariance analysis. An evaluation of the effects of ozone on asthmatics reported in the literature was completed to determine if, as proposed by Bates, the results from different types of studies were coherent among the health metrics. A consistency in the magnitude of reported effects and the time lag between exposure and response for four different health indices (symptom reports, decrements in expiratory flow, ED visits, and hospital admissions) was identified and indicates a coherence between ozone and respiratory response to ozone exposure. This supports a proposition that ozone adversely affects asthmatics at levels below the current U.S. standard. -Environ Health Perspect 103(Suppl 2): 97-102 (1995)

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“…Of particular health significance is the TSP component of air pollution, which is itself a complex mixture (54). Acute adverse respiratory effects of ozone exposure are also well documented in animal and human populations (55)(56)(57).…”

Section: Quality Oflifementioning

confidence: 99%

Public health challenges posed by chemical mixtures.

Hansen

Rosa

Pohl

et al. 1998

Environ Health Perspect

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1995 show that about 1.5 million people have been exposed to site-specific contaminants. At 10% or more of the sites that had either completed or potentially completed exposure pathways, 56 substances were identified. Of these, 19 are either known or anticipated human carcinogens, and 9 are associated with reproductive or endocrine-disrupting effects. In this paper we present important concerns regarding hazardous waste sites including the impact on human health, ecology, and quality of life. To address such human-health related issues, the ATSDR has established a mixtures program that consists of three components: trend analysis to identify combinations of chemicals of concern, experimental studies to identify data that would be useful in the development and implementation of predictive decision support methodologies, and development of assessment methodologies and guidance to provide health assessors with the tools to incorporate the evaluation of multiple-chemical exposure into site assessments.

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Pulmonary Function and Symptom Responses after 6.6-Hour Exposure to 0.12 ppm Ozone with Moderate Exercise

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Cited by 144 publications

References 20 publications

Bayesian hierarchical distributed lag models for summer ozone exposure and cardio‐respiratory mortality

Bayesian hierarchical distributed lag models for summer ozone exposure and cardio‐respiratory mortality

Relationship between summertime ambient ozone levels and emergency department visits for asthma in central New Jersey.

Public health challenges posed by chemical mixtures.

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