Pulmonary pythiosis in a canine patient

Kepler, Darin; Cole, Robert; Lee‐Fowler, Tekla; Koehler, Jey W.; Shrader, Stephanie; Newton, Joe

doi:10.1111/vru.12516

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Brazil is endemic for this disease and its warm temperatures with long rainy seasons through the year are highly favorable for the growth and proliferation of this pathogen (Tabosa et al 2004, Machado et al 2016. These cases were unique because the primary site of infection appeared to be the lungs and the presentation occurred in more than one animal from the same group, in contrast to the individual reports described till date (Goad 1984, Heath et al 2002, Camus et al 2004, Kepler et al 2017. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pythiosis in coatis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…In these cases, the pulmonary infection most likely occurred through inhalation or ingestion with subsequent aspirations of contaminated water containing the pathogen. The pathogen was detected in a nasal swab from a coati of the same group, which suggests that the possible route was through inhaled aerosolized zoospores as seen in a similar case of a Central American jaguar (Camus et al 2004) Clinical signs of localized pulmonary pythiosis are usually non-specific, including chronic coughing, dyspnea, and exercise intolerance, as well as nasal discharge, anorexia, weight loss, decreased appetite, anemia, and hypoproteinemia (Goad 1984, Heath et al 2002, Camus et al 2004, Kepler et al 2017. No clinical signs were observed in these two coatis, but their group had a history of respiratory distress and the pathological findings were consistent with these signs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Pulmonary pythiosis as a primary infection is rare and includes only singular case reports in a horse, human, dog, and captive jaguar until now (Goad 1984, Heath et al 2002, Camus et al 2004, Kepler et al 2017. Similar to these coatis, there was no evidence or previous history of wounds or infection at any other site, except in the equine case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Granulomatous pneumonia due to pythiosis in captive South American coatis (Nasua nasua)

et al. 2020

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Pythiosis is an emerging infectious disease affecting captive and free-ranging wild animals. We report granulomatous pneumonia due to Pythium insidiosum in two South American coatis (Nasua nasua), who were found dead without any clinical records. Severe granulomatous pneumonia associated with pleural effusion was revealed in the necropsy. Microscopically, variably sized granulomas and pyogranulomas presented negative hyphae profiles at the periphery of their necrotic cores. Grocott methenamine silver stain highlighted these structures, and immunostain (anti- P. insidiosum) was strongly positive. Molecular analysis by polymerase chain reaction amplified P. insidiosum specific DNA. These findings characterized P. insidiosum as a cause of granulomatous pneumonia in coatis and proved that pythiosis needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of respiratory diseases affecting this species in endemic areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Granulomatous pneumonia due to pythiosis in captive South American coatis (Nasua nasua)

et al. 2020

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“…In this study, it was not possible to observe whether the animal's other organs were affected because necropsy could not be performed. Extracutaneous pythiosis has been described in other species including lung injury in jaguars [2] and canines [6] and sublingual pythiosis in felines [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cranioesophageal Pythiosis in a Horse

Schmith

Lemos

Rondon

et al. 2020

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Pythiosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is caused by oomycete Pythium insidiosum. This illness affects several species including humans and horses. Equine is the most affected species, having no predisposition for breed, gender, or age. It is usually shown in cutaneous and subcutaneous forms, and the lesions, which grow quickly and are hard to treat, are located mainly in the extremities. The diagnosis is made via epidemiology, clinical signs, and macroscopic and microscopic aspects of the lesion. This study describes a case of cranioesophageal pythiosis in a horse, examining the epidemiological, clinical and pathological characteristics.Case: A 12-year-old male quarter horse, weighing 515 kg was taken to the Veterinary Hospital at the University Center of Espírito Santo (UNESC). The horse had an increase in volume in the cranioesophageal region, coughing, difficulty breathing, and a runny nose. On clinical examination, the horse showed an enlargement in the submandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes, subcutaneous edema in the larynx region, and a temperature of 38.2ºC. According to the owner, cough was recurrent and had lasted about 12 months even after treatment with different kinds of antimicrobials. On radiographic exam, there was a marked decrease in the tracheal lumen and increased soft tissue radiopacity in the region adjacent to the narrowing. The animal was taken to surgery to remove the mass, but he died because of complications during surgery. The animal’s owner did not allow necropsy, but a fragment of the mass in the cranioesophageal was removed and sent for histological examination. The fragment was fixed in 10% formalin and processed using routine histological analysis. Macroscopically, the mass was light yellowish and ulcerated, and it measured 7.0 × 5.0 × 5.0 cm. In the middle of the ulcerated areas, there were yellow and firm granular structures that were consistent with kunkers. Histologically, extending from the tracheal adventitia to the thyroid, there was a large number of lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, and multinucleated cells (foreign body type) and a well-defined focus of coagulative necrosis, which was surrounded by a thin border of macrophages. Within the necrotic areas, there were negative images of tubuliform hyphae. Grocott’s silver methanamine staining showed hyphae that had irregular branches, rare septa, smooth and parallel walls, and was impregnated by silver. Histological sections of the mass were subjected to immunohistochemistry. Hyphae were positive for Pythium insidiosum.Discussion: The diagnosis of pythiosis was based on macroscopic, histological findings and positive immunostaining for Pythium insidiosum. This report shows the unusual location of the disease in the horse, which made the clinical diagnosis of the disease complex. Extracutaneous forms of pythiosis in horses are less frequent than cutaneous forms. The etiopathogenesis of these forms is still unclear, but it has been suggested that previous lesions in the intestinal mucosa caused by plant material or pathogens may be predisposing factors for the appearance of the enteric form of the disease. It was not possible to observe if the animal’s other organs were affected because a necropsy could not be performed. The agent probably penetrated the esophageal epithelium and spread throughout the trachea and thyroid, but its origin cannot be determined. The radiographic findings in this study are compatible with neoplasms. However, inflammatory processes such as those caused by pythiosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of horses with swelling in the cranial portion of the esophagus.

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“…Canine cutaneous and subcutaneous forms had been widely reported in the USA and Brazil [ 2–6, 9–11 ]. However, an exceptional pulmonary case in a Staffordshire terrier was documented [ 12 ]. Even though the first human case in Thailand was reported in 1985 and the highest incidence of human cases is in Thailand, no canine case has been documented yet [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case of canine cutaneous pythiosis in Thailand

Chindamporn

Kammarnjessadakul

Kesdangsakonwut

et al. 2020

Access Microbiology

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Introduction Pythium insidiosum causes pythiosis in humans and animals in tropical and subtropical climates. The clinical manifestations in humans are mostly systemic, vascular or ocular forms, in contrast to animals, which are cutaneous, subcutaneous and gastrointestinal forms. The highest incidence of human cases is reported in Thailand, however, no canine pythiosis has been documented yet. Case presentation A female, mixed-breed, stray dog showed severe extensive ulcerative haemorrhagic dermatitis at the perineum involving the anus and tail. On cytology, there were sparse branching septate fungal hyphae. The tissue samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction and gene sequencing for fungal identification. Conclusion The results of the internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2) gene had 99 % homology to Pythium insidiosum (accession no. FJ17396) and the COX2 gene (accession no. GQ451572). The phylogenetic tree of both genes was classified in clade A TH. This is the first fully documented diagnosis of canine cutaneous pythiosis in Thailand.

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Pulmonary pythiosis in a canine patient

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

Granulomatous pneumonia due to pythiosis in captive South American coatis (Nasua nasua)

Granulomatous pneumonia due to pythiosis in captive South American coatis (Nasua nasua)

Cranioesophageal Pythiosis in a Horse

A case of canine cutaneous pythiosis in Thailand

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