Pulmonary Sarcocystosis in a Puppy with Canine Distemper in Costa Rica

Berrocal, A.; Lopez, Alfonso

doi:10.1177/104063870301500314

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The Sarcocystis species found in these dogs have not been named or definitely identified. Infections with Sarcocystis canis , and Sarcocystis neurona have been reported in dogs . S. canis was first described in 1991 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S. canis was named to draw attention to the severe hepatitis it causes in dogs and other animals; the only stage known is the schizont . Encephalitis, dermatitis, and pneumonia also have been reported in dogs infected with S. canis , with most reports involving puppies . Sarcocystis neurona is an unusual species with opossums as definitive hosts and several other animal species, including dogs, cats, marine mammals, and horses, as intermediate or aberrant hosts .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Severe Myositis Associated with Sarcocystis spp. Infection in 2 Dogs

Sykes

Dubey

Lindsay

et al. 2011

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Dogs are definitive hosts for numerous species of the intracellular protozoan parasite Sarcocystis. Reports of sarcocysts in muscles of dogs most often represent incidental findings.Hypothesis/Objectives: To report the clinicopathologic, ultrastructural, and molecular findings in 2 dogs with myositis associated with Sarcocystis spp. infection, as well as the response to treatment with antiprotozoal drugs.Animals: Two dogs with severe myositis in association with massive sarcocystosis. Methods: Retrospective case review. Affected dogs were identified by a diagnostic laboratory. Attending clinicians were contacted, and the medical records reviewed. Immunostaining and electron microscopy were performed on muscle biopsies. Biopsies also were subjected to 18S rRNA gene PCR.Results: Both dogs had fever, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and increased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity when first evaluated. One dog developed hyperbilirubinemia. Subsequently, both dogs had increased serum creatine kinase activity and clinical signs of myositis, with reluctance to move, generalized pain, and muscle wasting. Histopathology of muscle biopsies showed severe inflammatory and necrotizing myopathy with numerous sarcocysts. Ultrastructural studies and 18S rRNA gene sequence results were consistent with infection with a Sarcocystis spp. other than Sarcocystis neurona. Both dogs initially were treated unsuccessfully with clindamycin and anti-inflammatory drugs. One dog died. The other dog subsequently responded to treatment with decoquinate.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Sarcocystis spp. infection should be included in the differential diagnosis for dogs that develop fever, thrombocytopenia, increased liver enzyme activities, and clinical and biochemical evidence of myositis. Although additional studies are required, decoquinate holds promise as an effective treatment for the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Myositis Associated with Sarcocystis spp. Infection in 2 Dogs

Sykes

Dubey

Lindsay

et al. 2011

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…1,2,7,9,17,20,21,26,27 To date, S. canis-like infections have primarily been recognized in the United States, apart from 1 case in Costa Rica 2 and 1 case in Spain. 22 The currently described case is believed to be the first report of S. canislike infection in Canada, further indicating the potentially wide geographic distribution of the protozoal disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal Hepatic Sarcocystosis in a Captive Black Bear (Ursus Americanus) Associated with Sarcocystis Canis-Like Infection

et al. 2011

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Fatal hepatic sarcocystosis was diagnosed in a 13-year-old captive black bear ( Ursus americanus) with a history of acute onset of vomiting, polyuria, polydipsia, and bilirubinuria. Gross lesions included severe icterus, multisystemic hemorrhage, and gall bladder edema. The most significant microscopic lesion was severe necrotizing hepatitis with intralesional protozoa that reproduced by endopolygeny consistent with a Sarcocystis spp. Infrequent microglial nodules were randomly scattered within the white matter of the cerebral cortices, thalamus, and brainstem, but intralesional protozoal schizonts were not observed. In the liver, immunohistochemistry was positive for Sarcocystis spp. and negative for Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. Positive staining was not observed in the brain. Genus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of liver and brain; in both tissues, PCR was positive for Sarcocystis spp. Sequence analysis of the PCR amplicons revealed 100% identity to the published sequences of Sarcocystis canis and Sarcocystis arctosi.

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“…Only the schizont stage is known, and it is confined mostly to the liver. It produces fatal hepatitis in dogs, chinchillas, bears, horses, sea lions, and dolphins (Dubey and Speer, 1991;Mense et al, 1992;Rakich et al, 1992;Zeman et al, 1993;Garner et al, 1997;Davis et al, 1999;Resendes et al, 2002;Berrocal and Lopez, 2003).…”

Section: Hepatitis Associated With a Sarcocystis Canis-like Protozoanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sarcocystis neurona schizonts are found in the central nervous system (Dubey et al, 2001). The source of S. canis infection in any host is unknown, but infections have been reported from the United States, Spain, and Costa Rica, suggesting that the definitive host for this apicomplexan is not confined to North America (Dubey and Speer, 1991;Resendes et al, 2002;Berrocal and Lopez, 2003).…”

Section: Hepatitis Associated With a Sarcocystis Canis-like Protozoanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spurious Genotypes in Female Nematodes Resulting From Contamination with Male DNA

Anderson

Williams‐Blangero

Anderson

2003

Journal of Parasitology

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Females of many invertebrates contain stored sperm or fertilized eggs or both, causing potential genotyping errors. We investigated errors caused by male DNA contamination by amplifying 5 microsatellites in DNA isolated from various tissue types in the nematode Ascaris lumbricoides. We observed additional alleles in 30/135 uterus-derived samples when compared with muscle controls, resulting in 20/135 (15%) incorrect genotypes and an underestimation of inbreeding. In contrast, we observed additional alleles in only 5/143 ovary-derived samples, resulting in 4/143 (3%) incorrect genotypes and no significant influence on inbreeding estimates. Because uterus constitutes approximately 17% of a female's organ weight, a substantial proportion of samples isolated from female tissue may contain male-derived DNA. Male contamination is easily avoided when using large nematodes such as A. lumbricoides. However, we urge caution for studies using DNA isolated from small invertebrates that store sperm or fertilized eggs or both.

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Pulmonary Sarcocystosis in a Puppy with Canine Distemper in Costa Rica

Cited by 17 publications

References 8 publications

Severe Myositis Associated with Sarcocystis spp. Infection in 2 Dogs

Severe Myositis Associated with Sarcocystis spp. Infection in 2 Dogs

Fatal Hepatic Sarcocystosis in a Captive Black Bear (Ursus Americanus) Associated with Sarcocystis Canis-Like Infection

Spurious Genotypes in Female Nematodes Resulting From Contamination with Male DNA

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