Pulp charge determination by different methods: effect of beating/refining

Bhardwaj, Nishi Kant; Duong, Tuan D; Nguyen, Kien Loi

doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.01.024

Cited by 65 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A paper sheet made from virgin pulp which has not undergone a form of mechanical treatment is characterized by low strength, bulkiness, surface roughness and not suitable for papermaking (Bhardwaj et al, 2004). These undesirable characteristics can be changed to a large extent by treating the pulp mechanically in a highly controlled manner.…”

Section: Beatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These undesirable characteristics can be changed to a large extent by treating the pulp mechanically in a highly controlled manner. This mechanical treatment of fibers is termed beating (Bowyer et al, 2007;Bhardwaj et al, 2004). The beating of fibers consists of mechanical crushing and abrasion of fiber caused by contact with edge and faces of rapidly moving metal bars in the presence of polar penetrating liquid, such as water.…”

Section: Beatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Literatures Related of Using Kenaf for Pulp Production (Beating, Fractionation, and Recycled Fiber)

Mossello¹,

Harun²,

Tahir³

et al. 2010

MAS

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This paper reviews several empirical studies which highlight the using of kenaf for pulp production (beating, fractionation, and recycled fiber). Kenaf is a non-wood pulp source that is alreadly used in parts of the world. Review studies showed that being a dicotyledonous plant, kenaf stem consists of bast and core fibers that are significantly different in chemical and morphological properties. Fiber properties directly influence pulping conditions applied in pulp and papermaking production. Kenaf fibers due to different nature and structure exhibit different behavior during pulping and papermaking. Core pulp due to presence of components with a high surface area coming from pith has low freeness and enhance susceptibility to refining action and pulp rapidly attains freeness value that are quite prohibitive for practical purposes. These short comings restrict the use of core pulp, which probably better used as unrefined. On the contrary, bast pulp refines easily and develops its strength. Due to difference in the quality of bast and core fiber, some researchers have proposed to fiber separation and pulping of each fraction separately and using each pulp lonely or blending refined bast pulp and unrefined core based on final product properties. These review results showed that, there is promised to use of kenaf as whole stem (bast and core together) for technical and economical advantages.

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Section: Beatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Beatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Literatures Related of Using Kenaf for Pulp Production (Beating, Fractionation, and Recycled Fiber)

Mossello¹,

Harun²,

Tahir³

et al. 2010

MAS

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“…Beating improves the characteristics of paper sheet made from virgin pulp, which has low strength, high bulkiness and a rough surface (Bhardwaj et al 2004). Masrol et al (2015b) concluded that the overall physical and mechanical characteristics of soda-AQ oil palm male flower spikes were enhanced after beating between 0 and 3000 revolutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is necessary to utilise the ECF or TCF bleaching sequences for pulp to increase awareness of the danger associated with chlorine and its derivatives (Tanaka et al 2004, Carvalho et al 2008. Beating or refining is a common mechanical treatment to improve pulp characteristics.Beating improves the characteristics of paper sheet made from virgin pulp, which has low strength, high bulkiness and a rough surface (Bhardwaj et al 2004). Masrol et al (2015b) concluded that the overall physical and mechanical characteristics of soda-AQ oil palm male flower spikes were enhanced after beating between 0 and 3000 revolutions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Durian Rind Soda-Anthraquinone Pulp and Paper: Effects of Elemental Chlorine-Free Bleaching and Beating

SR¹,

MHI²,

Adnan³

et al. 2018

JTFS

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A study was conducted to investigate the preliminary characteristics of soda-anthraquinone (soda-AQ) durian rind waste pulp and paper with the effects of elemental chlorine-free (ECF) bleaching and beating revolutions. Pulping was carried out using rotary digester with 0.1% antraquinone, 20% active alkali (NaOH), cooking time of 120 min and temperature of 170 °C. ECF bleaching with chlorine dioxide -alkali extraction -chlorine dioxide -alkali extraction -peroxide sequence and beating in the range of 0 to 1000 revolutions were applied to the unbeaten and unbleached pulp. ECF bleached pulp produced soda-AQ durian rind paper with greater tensile index, burst index, tear index, number of folds, brightness and scattering coefficients, but with slightly lower opacity compared with paper made from unbleached pulp. The results also showed that beating revolutions improved the overall physical and mechanical characteristics of durian rind soda-AQ pulp. Bleaching and beating enhanced the durian rind soda-AQ pulp fiber-to-fiber bonding and strength. Durian rind has potential characteristics as promising new material for papermaking.Keywords: Soda-AQ, refining, chlorine dioxide, alkali extraction, unbeaten and unbleached pulp, EFC bleaching al. 2013). These wastes have huge potential in the paper industry, but they have not been commercially exploited (Requejo et al. 2012). Hence, economical utilisation of these large amounts of agricultural wastes as raw material for pulp and paper industry would be beneficial.In addition to Thailand and Indonesia, Malaysia is one of the major durian flesh exporters. The aril comprises between 15 and 30% of the mass of the fruit (Brown 1997). One durian fruit has approximately 60 to 75% durian skin fibre (Nur Aimi et al. 2014). In 2014, 75,370 ha areas were planted with durian and these produced 373,565 t of fruits (Anonymous 2015). Disposal of massive amounts of peels has caused problems in the community (Hameed & Hakimi 2008 (Charoenvai et al. 2005), and absorbent materials (Mohammed et al. 2012). Perdinan et al. (2014) produced durian rind paper which consisted of durian rind soda pulp, starch and alkyl ketene dimer sizing agent. However, the physical characteristics of the paper did not fulfil the basic specifications for plastic laminated wrapping paper, as outlined by the SNI 14-6519 (SNI 2001). Durian skin fibre has great future potential and suitability for packaging due to its renewable and biodegradable properties and cost-effectiveness (Nur Aimi et al. 2014). Durian rind unbleached pulp produced via chemi-mechanical pulping has great potential for papermaking (Masrol et al. 2015a). Hence, other types of pulping such as chemical sodaanthraquinone (soda-AQ) pulping and various bleaching and beating processes are proposed to improve the characteristics of durian rind pulp produced via chemi-mechanical pulping.Soda-AQ, a common chemical pulping method, is mainly suitable for non-wood fibres. Soda-AQ pulp produces the highest content of alpha-cellulose and has the highest viscosity ...

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“…The strength of paper depends on the tensile strength of individual fibers in the network and the bond strength (Page 1969). To obtain the desired strength properties of paper, the original qualities of the fibers and sufficient bonding strength among the fibers should be considered (Bhardwaj et al 2004(Bhardwaj et al , 2007Molin and Daniel 2004). According to Page's study, the breaking length expressing the tensile strength of strip increases linearly with the increasing bond strength per unit area and relative bonded area, and the relative bonded area-tensile strength relationship is independent of whether the strength is enhanced by mechanical beating or wet pressing (Page 1969).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Refining on Physical Properties and Paper Strength of Pinus massoniana and China Fir Cellulose Fibers

Chen¹,

Wei²,

Wang³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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aTo obtain a suitable refining process for Pinus massoniana cellulose fibers (PMCF) and China fir cellulose fibers (CFCF), the effects of the beating gap and the pulp consistency on the physical properties and the morphology of the two cellulose fibers were investigated. The results showed that the physical properties of the PMCF and the CFCF were well affected by the beating gap and the pulp consistency. The CFCF showed a smaller weight-average length and width than that of the PMCF. The CFCF exhibited smaller weight-average length, width, and kink index than the PMCF. It is easy to get the high beating degree, indicating it is more easily to be refined. Additionally, the tensile index and burst index of PMCFP and CFCFP increased with increasing beating degree, while the tear index decreased. Compared to the CFCF, the paper made from PMCF had superior strength properties. Consequently, the PMCF was suitable for refining with a high pulp consistency and a medium beating gap, whereas the CFCF had a medium pulp consistency and a big beating gap.

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Pulp charge determination by different methods: effect of beating/refining

Cited by 65 publications

References 6 publications

A Review of Literatures Related of Using Kenaf for Pulp Production (Beating, Fractionation, and Recycled Fiber)

A Review of Literatures Related of Using Kenaf for Pulp Production (Beating, Fractionation, and Recycled Fiber)

Durian Rind Soda-Anthraquinone Pulp and Paper: Effects of Elemental Chlorine-Free Bleaching and Beating

Effect of Refining on Physical Properties and Paper Strength of Pinus massoniana and China Fir Cellulose Fibers

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