Pulp, Leaf, Peel and Seed of Avocado Fruit: A Review of Bioactive Compounds and Healthy Benefits

Jiménez, Paula; García, Paula; Quitral, Vilma; Vasquez, Karla; Parra-Ruiz, Claudia; Reyes-Farías, Marjorie; García-Díaz, Diego F.; Robert, Paz; Encina, Cristian; Soto-Covasich, J.

doi:10.1080/87559129.2020.1717520

Cited by 103 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…47 Both the APs and ASs have a wide variety of phytochemicals that function as antioxidants. 14 In this work, it was found that the DPPH • radical scavenging activity of the AP and AS powders did not present significant differences, as shown in Figure 7 and Table 3 . Their antioxidant action increased over time, reaching the maximum at 5 h. Regarding the films with LMP, it was found that the release of antioxidant substances is prolonged in time and that the AS-30G3-50LMP showed the lowest scavenging activity at least until 24 h.…”

Section: Composite Films As Biodegradable and Active Food Packagingmentioning

confidence: 56%

Avocado Peels and Seeds: Processing Strategies for the Development of Highly Antioxidant Bioplastic Films

Merino

Bertolacci

Paul

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The industrial processing of avocados annually generates more than 1.2 million tons of avocado peels (APs) and avocado seeds (ASs) that have great potential in the production of active bioplastics, although they have never been considered for this aim until now. Separately, the APs and ASs, as well as a combination of avocado peels and seeds (APSs), were evaluated here for the first time for the preparation of antioxidant films, with application in food packaging. Films were prepared by casting, after their processing by three different methods: (1) hydrolysis in acid media, (2) hydrolysis followed by plasticization, and (3) hydrolysis and plasticization followed by blending with pectin polymers in different proportions (25 and 50 wt %). The results indicate that the combination of hydrolysis, plasticization, and pectin blending is essential to obtain materials with competitive mechanical properties, optical clarity, excellent oxygen barrier properties, high antioxidant activity, biodegradability, and migration of components in TENAX suitable for food contact applications. In addition, the materials prepared with APSs are advantageous from the point of view of the industrial waste valorization, since the entire avocado wastes are used for the production of bioplastics, avoiding further separation processes for their valorization.

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Section: Composite Films As Biodegradable and Active Food Packagingmentioning

confidence: 56%

Avocado Peels and Seeds: Processing Strategies for the Development of Highly Antioxidant Bioplastic Films

Merino

Bertolacci

Paul

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Mesocarp is the most abundant, representing between 52.9 and 81.3% of the fruit mass, which is in great demand because of its properties and high nutritional value [18,19]. Avocado provides vitamins, such as A, B, D, and E, that can be used for different applications (e.g., pharmaceutical, nutritional, and cosmetic industries) [19][20][21]. On the other hand, the peel and seed are not often used in the food industry, thus becoming an excessive amount of waste.…”

Section: Waste and Pretreatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persea Americana Agro-Industrial Waste Biorefinery for Sustainable High-Value-Added Products

et al. 2021

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Significant problems have arisen in recent years, such as global warming and hunger. These complications are related to the depletion and exploitation of natural resources, as well as environmental pollution. In this context, bioprocesses and biorefinery can be used to manage agro-industrial wastes for obtaining high-value-added products. A large number of by-products are composed of lignin and cellulose, having the potential to be exploited sustainably for chemical and biological conversion. The biorefinery of agro-industrial wastes has applications in many fields, such as pharmaceuticals, medicine, material engineering, and environmental remediation. A comprehensive approach has been developed toward the agro-industrial management of avocado (Persea americana) biomass waste, which can be transformed into high-value-added products to mitigate global warming, save non-renewable energy, and contribute to health and science. Therefore, this work presents a comprehensive review on avocado fruit waste biorefinery and its possible applications as biofuel, as drugs, as bioplastics, in the environmental field, and in emerging nanotechnological opportunities for economic and scientific growth.

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“…In the case of peels the ranges are moisture 65% -76%, ash 0.8% -1.6%, protein 1.5% -6.3%, fat 2.8% -11%, fiber 6.9% -58% (Saavedra et al, 2017;Morais et al, 2015;Gondim, Moura, Dantas, Medeiros, & Santos, 2005). This dispersion of results may be due to the different analysis methods, fruit variety, ripening time, geographic location, among others (Jiménez et al, 2020). The antioxidant capacity in the seeds was superior and significantly different of peel, generally the antioxidant power in the avocado structure is presented in the order of seed > peel > pulp (Rodríguez-Carpena, Morcuende, Andrade, Kylli, & Estévez, 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenols from avocado residues: Modeling and optimization using response surface methodology and artificial neural networks

et al. 2021

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Seed and peel avocado (Persea Americana) are agro-industrial residues whose structure presents an important quantity of source of polyphenolic components which can be obtained by various extraction methods. Response surface methodology (RSM) and the artificial neural network (ANN) were used to model and optimize the conditions of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) (25 W/L) with respect to temperature (40-60 °C), concentration of ethanol/water (30%-60%) and extraction time (40-80 min) in obtaining phenolic from avocado residues. RSM and ANN allowed finding an optimal phenolic content for seeds (145.170-146.569 mg GAE/g; 49 °C, 41.2% and 65.5-65.1 min) and peels (124.050-125.187 mg GAE/g; 50.9 °C, 49.5% and 61.8 min). The models estimated between predicted and experimental values were significant (p < 0.05), presenting a high correlation (R 2 > 0.9907) and a low root mean square error for the prediction of phenolics (RMSE < 0.9437 mg GAE/g). The results of this study allow the design of efficient, economic and ecologically friendly extraction procedures in the industry for obtaining bioactive metabolites from avocado residues.

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Pulp, Leaf, Peel and Seed of Avocado Fruit: A Review of Bioactive Compounds and Healthy Benefits

Cited by 103 publications

References 104 publications

Avocado Peels and Seeds: Processing Strategies for the Development of Highly Antioxidant Bioplastic Films

Avocado Peels and Seeds: Processing Strategies for the Development of Highly Antioxidant Bioplastic Films

Persea Americana Agro-Industrial Waste Biorefinery for Sustainable High-Value-Added Products

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenols from avocado residues: Modeling and optimization using response surface methodology and artificial neural networks

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