Pulse Wave Velocity in Atherosclerosis

Kim, Hack‐Lyoung; Kim, Sang Hyun

doi:10.3389/fcvm.2019.00041

Cited by 294 publications

(281 citation statements)

References 113 publications

(157 reference statements)

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“…In the context of long‐standing hypertension, it has been suggested that endothelial damage, smooth muscle tone, inflammation, oxidative stress, renin‐angiotensin system activity, and extracellular matrix turnover and integrity might be involved in this process 8 . However, beyond the impact of vascular structural changes on PWV, this parameter may also by influenced by intercurrent BP modifications 9 . Indeed, a powerful confounder of PWV interpretation may be BP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulse wave velocity in white coat and masked hypertension

Pierdomenico

Coccina

Madonna

2020

J of Clinical Hypertension

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| INTRODUC TI ONOut-of-office blood pressure (BP) measurement has given the opportunity to detect various hypertension phenotypes. Among them, white coat hypertension (WCH), ie, high clinic and normal out-of-office BP and masked hypertension (MH), that is, normal clinic and high out-of-office BP have been extensively studied in the past years.Their prognostic relevance 1-3 and target organ involvement, 4-6 which is frequently an intermediate stage toward cardiovascular events, have been assessed. Concerning the prognostic impact, it appears still debated in WCH, 1,2 whereas there seems to be unanimous consensus about the adverse prognostic value of MH. 1,3 In the same way, cardiac and vascular involvement look controversial in WCH,4,5 while there is substantial evidence of target organ damage in MH. 6 A meta-analysis in this issue of the Journal of Clinical Hypertension adds to the current knowledge by evaluating pulse wave velocity (PWV), an index of arterial stiffness, in WCH and MH in comparison with normotension and sustained hypertension. 7 Seven studies including 2352 subjects were assessed. Subjects with MH and WCH had significantly higher PWV than normotensive ones (d = 0.96 m/s, 95% CI: 0.49-1.42 for MH and d = 0.85 m/s, 95% CI: 0.48-1.22 for WCH). Moreover, subjects with MH and WCH had lower PWV than sustained hypertensive ones (d = −0.70 m/s, 95% CI: −0.87 to −0.54 for MH and d = −0.75 m/s, 95% CI: −1.52 to 0.02 for WCH). No significant difference between MH and WCH was observed (d = 0.06 m/s, 95% CI −1.04 to 1.15). Thus, the authors concluded that WCH and MH are not clinically innocent. Looking at BP values of selected studies, in comparison with normotensive subjects, clinic BP and 24-hour BP were higher, respectively, by 23/11 mm Hg and 4/2 mm Hg in subjects with WCH and, respectively, by 8/2 mm Hg and 16/10 mm Hg in those with MH. Measurement of PWV is a simple and noninvasive way to assess arterial stiffness, a manifestation of vascular damage associated with hypertension and aging. 8 Various studies have shown that arterial stiffness independently predicts cardiovascular events and it is now accepted as an intermediate end point. 8 The mechanisms underlying arterial stiffening are not yet completely clear. In the context of long-standing hypertension, it has been suggested that endothelial damage, smooth muscle tone, inflammation, oxidative stress, renin-angiotensin system activity, and extracellular matrix turnover and integrity might be involved in this process. 8 However, beyond the impact of vascular structural changes on PWV, this parameter may also by influenced by intercurrent BP modifications. 9Indeed, a powerful confounder of PWV interpretation may be BP.Increased BP augments the arterial wall tension and adds functional arterial stiffness, that is, vessels become stiffer at higher pressures. 9Therefore, the effect of BP increase should be taken into account during PWV analysis. Subjects with WCH have substantial clinic BP increase, at variance with those with normotension or MH, while m...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, a powerful confounder of PWV interpretation may be BP. Increased BP augments the arterial wall tension and adds functional arterial stiffness, that is, vessels become stiffer at higher pressures 9 . Therefore, the effect of BP increase should be taken into account during PWV analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulse wave velocity in white coat and masked hypertension

Pierdomenico

Coccina

Madonna

2020

J of Clinical Hypertension

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“…Atherosclerosis may also represent the main mechanism linking aortic stiffness and CAD . Furthermore, reduced DBP, as a consequence of impaired aortic elastic properties, may result in decreased coronary perfusion, which could further deteriorate the symptoms and prognosis of CAD patients .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atherosclerosis may also represent the main mechanism linking aortic stiffness and CAD. 7 coronary perfusion, which could further deteriorate the symptoms and prognosis of CAD patients. 30,31 In this context, increased aortic stiffness has been linked to increases in cardiac workload and decreased coronary artery perfusion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been associated with age and several CV risk factors, including arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and diet . The association between aortic stiffness and atherosclerosis has been previously established . It has also been associated not only with the presence, but also with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of impaired arterial wall properties with the presence of coronary artery disease in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms

Rafouli‐Stergiou

Ikonomidis

Katsiki

et al. 2020

J of Clinical Hypertension

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Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a valid, clinically feasible marker of arterial stiffening, and a strong predictor of outcomes. The present study aimed to compare aortic elastic properties in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), with or without coronary artery disease (CAD), as well as healthy individuals. A total of 130 patients with AAA, eligible for interventional repair, and 30 healthy individuals, comprising the control group (HC), were enrolled. Presence of CAD was identified by coronary angiography. Aortic PWV (aPWV) was measured using the Arteriograph. aPWV was found considerably higher in AAA patients compared with HC group (11.5 ± 2.9 vs 7.3 ± 1.6 m/s, P < .001). Importantly, among patients with AAA, those with concomitant CAD (n = 41) had greater aPWV than those without CAD (12.5 ± 2.9 vs 11.0 ± 3.0 m/s, P = .03). In receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis, a value of aPWV above 12.8 m/s was identified to correlate with the presence of CAD in the AAA patient population. After adjustment for confounders, including hypertension which is one of the major risk factors for abdominal aneurysms, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that this aPWV cutoff remained independently associated with presence of CAD [odds ratio = 1.64, 95% confidence interval =1.19‐4.08, P = .03]. The coexistence of CAD and AAA is characterized by a greater arterial stiffness. This finding should be taken into consideration when selecting endovascular stents with more favorable elastic properties. Moreover, AAA patients with high aPWV (>12.8 m/s) are more likely to also have CAD, and this may be considered by vascular surgeons when evaluating patients' cardiovascular risk.

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Building Blood Vessel Chips with Enhanced Physiological Relevance

Gerhard‐Herman

Zhang

2023

Adv Materials Technologies

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Due to the bioengineering nature, tissue chips allow the manipulation of cellular composition [11] and a range of biophysical and biochemical environmental cues, including but not limited to cell-ECM interactions, dynamic flows, chemical species gradients, substrate stiffness, [12] and active mechanical stimuli. [13,14] In particular, the on-chip adoption of patients' cells, either primary or induced human pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), makes a bespoke and patient-specific tissue model in line with the goal of precision medicine. [15] In contrast, small animal-based models exhibit notable genetic and cellular differences from human physiology, which may lead to biased results regarding disease pathogenesis and therapeutic effects. [16,17] Furthermore, tissue chips can precisely control and decouple multiple experimental factors, beneficial for exploiting the inherently complex human physiology, in contrast to other in vitro models, such as Petri dish-based ones, which are focused on maintaining cell proliferation in vitro. Thus, tissue chips, as a viable alternative to other tissue/disease-modeling approaches, are promising for in vitro recapitulation of the sophisticated human physiology and pathology at the tissue and organ level and are expected to transform the landscapes of fundamental biological research, [18][19][20] drug screening and toxicology, [21][22][23][24] and possibly, clinical trials. [25,26] Tissue chips can construct a broad range of tissue-and organ-analogs in vitro, including the vessel and vascular networks, [27][28][29] muscles, [30][31][32][33] liver, [34][35][36] lung, [37][38][39] brain, [40,41] kidney, [42][43][44][45][46] gut, [47,48] bone marrow, [49] corneal, [50,51] tumor, [52][53][54][55][56] as well as the integrated multiple tissues/organs, [57][58][59] such as liver-kidney, [60][61][62] neuromuscular junction, [63] and a recirculating system with up to 13 organs. [64] Of note, these tissue chips may rely on the same set of technical approaches yet recapitulate the specific tissue (patho)physiology by considering tissue-specific cellular and matrix composition.Among all tissues/organs modeled in the chips, the blood vessel is of particular interest, largely for the following reasons (Figure 1). [65,66] i) The blood vessel exists in all tissues/ organs throughout the body up to the epithelial layer covering surfaces. Thus, the on-chip reconstruction of the vessel or its analog is often a prerequisite for constructing a tissue analog.ii) The blood vessel is both the structural basis of circulating blood flow throughout the body and responsible for many Blood vessel chips are bioengineered microdevices, consisting of biomaterials, human cells, and microstructures, which recapitulate essential vascular structure and physiology and allow a well-controlled microenvironment and spatial-temporal readouts. Blood vessel chips afford promising opportunities to understand molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying a range of vascular diseases. The physiological relevance is key to these ...

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Pulse Wave Velocity in Atherosclerosis

Cited by 294 publications

References 113 publications

Pulse wave velocity in white coat and masked hypertension

Pulse wave velocity in white coat and masked hypertension

Association of impaired arterial wall properties with the presence of coronary artery disease in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms

Building Blood Vessel Chips with Enhanced Physiological Relevance

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