Pulsed Amperometric Detection of Histamine at Glassy Carbon Electrodes Modified with Gold Nanoparticles

Abstract

Gold nanocrystal-modified glassy carbon electrodes (nAu-GCE) were prepared and used for the determination of histamine by flow injection and high performance liquid chromatography using pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) as the detection mode. Experimental variables involved in the electrodeposition process of gold from a HAuCl 4 solution were optimized. A catalytic enhancement of the histamine voltammetric response was observed at the nAu-GCE when compared with that obtained at a conventional Au disk electrode, as a consequence of the microdispersion of gold nanocrystals on the GC substrate. The morphological and electrochemical characteristics of the nAu-GCE were evaluated by SEM and cyclic voltammetry. PAD using a very simple potential waveform consisting of an anodic potential (þ 700 mV for 500 ms) and a cathodic potential (À 300 mV for 30 ms), was used to avoid the electrode surface fouling when histamine was detected under flowing conditions. Flow injection amperometric responses showed much higher I p values and signal-to-noise ratios at the nAu-GCE than at a conventional gold disk electrode. A limit of detection of 6 Â 10 À7 mol L À1 histamine was obtained. HPLC-PAD at the nAu-GCE was used for the determination of histamine in the presence of other biogenic amines and indole. Histamine was determined in sardine samples spiked at a 50 mg g À1 concentration level, with good results. Furthermore, the chromatographic PAD method was also used for monitoring the formation of histamine during the decomposition process of sardine samples.

Voltammetric determination of methylmercury and inorganic mercury with an home made gold nanoparticle electrode

“…The electrode was dipped into the HAuCl 4 solution and a potential of -0.8 V was applied for 6 min to obtain modification with gold nanocrystals. The modified electrode was washed with HPW and kept in 0.1 M NaOH until use [34,35].…”

Amperometric Detection of Histamine with a Pyrroloquinoline‐Quinone Modified Electrode

“…For example, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were deposited on GC electrodes and were shown to lower the histamine oxidation potential to + 0.70 V using pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) [10]. Copper modified GC electrodes that form an electroactive surface oxide species with histamine in alkaline conditions also were used for detection of histamine via PAD methods [6].…”

Visual and photometric determination of histamine using unmodified gold nanoparticles

“…[11] Capillary electrophoresis interfaced to laser induced fluorescence detector 0.001 derivatization with FITC wines and pomegranate molasses [10] Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography interfaced to MS/MS detector 0.81 using stable isotopes Histamine-d 4 as internal standard soy sauces [7] High performance liquid chromatography interfaced to UV absorbance detector 0.51 derivatization with Dns-Cl Italian red wine and fruit nectar [8] High performance liquid chromatography interfaced to fluorescence detector 0.1 derivatization with Dns-Cl Italian red wine and fruit nectar [8] High performance liquid chromatography interfaced to pulsed amperometric detector 0.9 modified glassy carbone electrode with Au nanoparticles sardine [9] A three-electrode flow-cell elecrochemical system …”

“…Histamine in food can be detected by chromatographic techniques [7][8][9], capillary electrophoresis [10,11], surface plasmon resonance [12], immunoassays [12,13], molecule imprints [14,15], and electrochemical techniques [6,13,14,[16][17][18]. The typical performances of these approaches are summarized in Table 1.…”