Pulsed NMR measurements of the diffusion constant of water in muscle

Finch, E. D.; Harmon, J. F.; Müller, B. H.

doi:10.1016/0003-9861(71)90337-7

Cited by 91 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The ADC of ions and water in tissue were reduced typically by a factor of 2-5 in comparison to the ADC in bulk water, with the translational diffusion of water in excised brain hindered to a greater extent than in excised muscle. 9,10 Slight anisotropic water diffusion was observed in excised rat skeletal muscle, i.e. water diffusion was greater parallel (k) to the length of the fibres than perpendicular (c) [ADC(k)/ADC(c) % 1.4].…”

Section: Early Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The basis of anisotropic water diffusion in the nervous system – a technical review

2002

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Anisotropic water diffusion in neural fibres such as nerve, white matter in spinal cord, or white matter in brain forms the basis for the utilization of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to track fibre pathways. The fact that water diffusion is sensitive to the underlying tissue microstructure provides a unique method of assessing the orientation and integrity of these neural fibres, which may be useful in assessing a number of neurological disorders. The purpose of this review is to characterize the relationship of nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of water diffusion and its anisotropy (i.e. directional dependence) with the underlying microstructure of neural fibres. The emphasis of the review will be on model neurological systems both in vitro and in vivo. A systematic discussion of the possible sources of anisotropy and their evaluation will be presented followed by an overview of various studies of restricted diffusion and compartmentation as they relate to anisotropy. Pertinent pathological models, developmental studies and theoretical analyses provide further insight into the basis of anisotropic diffusion and its potential utility in the nervous system.

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Section: Early Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The basis of anisotropic water diffusion in the nervous system – a technical review

2002

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“…The fraction of water with a long T1 or a long T2 is believed to be intracellular water (25) (6,15,18). Hansen (12) and Finch et al (9) cautioned the use of relaxation times as indicators of water mobility. Neville et aL (21) concluded that one possible reason for the shorter relaxation times in biological tissue would be due to rapid exchange between water (11) found that there was no large difference in the quantity of bound water in tender and hardy crowns of winter cereals.…”

Section: Pulsed Nmr Of Wheat and Rye Crownsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of Water in Cold-acclimating Cereals

et al. 1979

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Continuous wave nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies indicated that the line width of the water absorption peak (AP%) from crowns of winter and spring wheat (Titicum aestivum L.) increased during cold acclimation. There was a negative correlation between Air and crown water content, and both of these parameters were correlated with the lowest survival temperature at which 50% or more of the crowns were not killed by freezing (LT5o). Regression analyses indicated that APS and water content account for similar variability in LT5w Slow dehydration of unacclimated winter wheat crowns by artificial means resulted in similarly correlated changes in water content and A4Y. Rapid dehydration of unacclimated crowns reduced water content but did not influence AP%. The incubation of unacclimated winter wheat crowns in a sucrose medium reduced water content and increased Au's. The increase in AP% appears to be dependent in part on a reduction in water content and an increase in solutes.Longitudinal (TO) and transverse (T2) relaxation times of water protons in cereals at different stages of cold acclimation were measured using pulse NMR methods. The T, and T2 signals each demonstrated the existence of two populations of water, one with a short and one with a long relaxation time. During the first 3 weeks of acclimation, the long T2 decreased significantly in winter-hardy cereals, and did not change in a spring wheat until the 5th week of hardening. There was no change in the long T, until the 3rd week of hardening for the winter cereals and until the 7th week of hardening for the spring wheat. No simple relationship could be established between T, or T2 and cold hardiness. Neither continuous wave or pulsed NMR spectroscopy can be used as a diagnostic tool in predicting the cold hardiness of winter wheats. An increase in AvA or a reduction in relaxation times does not provide evidence for ordering of the bulk of the cell water.water content and an increase in hydrophilic compounds such as sugars (17), proteins (24), and nucleic acids (23). These hydrophilic compounds could affect the physical state of water which in turn would affect the amount of water which crystallizes at any given subzero temperature.Continuous wave NMR studies on animal tissue have shown that line width (Av½, one-half maximum amplitude of the water absorption peak) is significantly broader than in pure water (6,15). This has led to the suggestion that cellular water consists of several populations, including a "bound" or unfreezable fraction (1,5,6 MATERIALS AND METHODS CONTINUOUS WAVE NMR MEASUREMENTSThe physical state of water in plant cells has long been a subject of interest in relation to cold hardiness (16,17,22). NMR3 provides one method of studying water and water interactions in intact biological systems (1,2,6,11,18,19 Samples for analysis were stripped to two leaves and 3-cm sections were cut from just above the base. Studies of the effect of sample shape and spinning rate on line width showed that crooked samples had a line width ...

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“…The proton relaxation time can be changed with the ratio of the free to bound water molecules as well as with the interaction of water molecules withi paramagnetic centres (Finch, Harmon and Muller, 1971). The amount of the free water fraction can be increased either by the total increase of water content (Inch et al, 1973), or by the qualitative change of the water binding in malignant tissue (Damadian, 1973).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%