Pulsing Liquid Alloys for Nanomaterials Synthesis

Mayyas, Mohannad; Mousavi, Maedehsadat; Ghasemian, Mohammad B.; Abbasi, Roozbeh; Li, Hongzhe; Christoe, Michael J.; Han, Jialuo; Wang, Yifang; Zhang, Chengchen; Rahim, Md. Arifur; Tang, Jianbo; Yang, Jiong; Esrafilzadeh, Dorna; Jalili, Rouhollah; Allioux, François-Marie; O’Mullane, Anthony P.; Kalantar‐zadeh, Kourosh

doi:10.1021/acsnano.0c06724

Cited by 55 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…It should be noted that dealloying process may occur in Galinstan droplets and the generated residue is Tin nanoparticles. [18] These sets of experiments clearly show that the LME modules are versatile and can effectively power the robot boat for realising complex locomotion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

A Robot Boat Powered by Liquid Metal Engines

Tang

Shen

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

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Engines are systems that convert different forms of energy into mechanical motion. The increasing demand in driving small scale machines for applications in medical auxiliary devices, robotics and microfluidics has engendered the urgent need of developing miniaturized engines that are easy to fabricate, simple to operate and maintain, robust, and highly efficient. To date, mechanisms adopting piezoelectric, [1] electromagnetic, [2]

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mentioning

confidence: 87%

A Robot Boat Powered by Liquid Metal Engines

Tang

Shen

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…The wetting paradigm of the solid-liquid interface is of great significance for revealing the correspondence between properties of interfacial products and wetting behaviors, which would provide a scientific basis for engineering potential applications, such as welding, [19,104] electronic device packaging, [3,105] chemical reaction in solution, [22,65] and fabrications of composite materials. [106][107][108] The wetting phenomenon of the solid-liquid metal interface could be segmented into physical wetting (inert wetting) and reactive wetting (chemical wetting), according to whether chemical reactions occur and new substances form at the interface.…”

Section: Interfacial Engineering Of Liquid Metal/solid Substratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The surface is a type of interface, which specifically refers to the gas phase substance in interfacial behavior. In the processes of thermodynamics, [ 16,17 ] surface absorption, [ 18,19 ] controllable wetting, [ 6,13,20 ] material catalysis, [ 21,22 ] redox, and other physical and chemical reactions, [ 23,24 ] RTLMs inevitably contact with other substances with different phase states. Even the pure liquid metal would contact with oxygen in the air to yield a thin protective film.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial Engineering of Room Temperature Liquid Metals

Liu

Cui

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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and formed spontaneously and instantaneously upon exposure to atmospheric oxygen. [1-3] The thin film or "protective skin" covering the surface of RTLMs, generally dominated the physical properties and applications of the materials. This thin film is composed of a majority fraction of gallium oxides with a much smaller amount of indium and tin oxides. [4] When immersed in acidic or alkaline electrolytes, the oxidic films of RTLMs will be dissolved. [5-8] Due to the disorder of internal structure, the surface of the spherical liquid metal droplet is smooth and removable under the function of surface tension. [9,10] According to the size and structure of the solid substrate, the contact areas between the liquid metal and the solid substrate shows various wetting phenomena and corresponding application scenarios. [11-14] Surface chemical composition plays the primary role in dominating various phenomena and practical applications of RTLMs, which possessed the technologically important and scientifically interesting parameter. Gallium-based liquid metal is similar in structure to conventional solid metal, except for some covalent bonds inside, and the physicochemical properties have the commonality of both metallic solid and fluid properties. [15] The composition of gallium-based alloys can be assumed as made up of several atomic groups, within which the permutation of the solid remains, the binding energy between the liquid atoms remains strong, but the binding force between the groups was broken. The interface refers to the contact area between the different phases, which is the transition layer from one phase to another. The binding force of electrons that are relatively far away from the inner core is related to their energy, causing the interface behavior between different phases to be incompletely consistent. The surface is a type of interface, which specifically refers to the gas phase substance in interfacial behavior. In the processes of thermodynamics, [16,17] surface absorption, [18,19] controllable wetting, [6,13,20] material catalysis, [21,22] redox, and other physical and chemical reactions, [23,24] RTLMs inevitably contact with other substances with different phase states. Even the pure liquid metal would contact with oxygen in the air to yield a thin protective film. [17,25,26] Therefore, the investigation of interfacial behaviors between RTLMs and different surrounding mediums is helpful to renovate and broaden the understanding and applications of liquid metal. So far, there gradually appeared literature on phenomena and mechanism of the interfacial effect of RTLMs, such as synthesis of low-dimensional materials in the gas atmosphere, [27,28] Room temperature liquid metals (RTLMs), especially those made of galliumbased alloys belong to an emerging versatile material with fascinating characteristics derived from its simultaneous metallic and inherent fluidic natures. The interfacial effects of liquid metal involved in diverse surfaces thus play critical roles in explaining many fundamental phenomena....

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“…In addition to the conductivity and flexibility of the LM, [ 27,28 ] its giant deformation induced by surface tension alteration has attracted much attention especially from fluids physics, soft and smart actuation, flexible electronics, [ 29,30 ] and nanofabrication. [ 26,41 ] The LM surface can be easily oxidized in air or water, with its surface tension decreasing. [ 19 ] While the surface oxides can be reduced and the surface tension regains at reducing potentials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemically and Mechanically Regulated Liquid Metal Gate via Giant Surface Tension Alteration

Wang

Guo

Fang

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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Liquid gates can provide an effective method to control the release of substances. However, the size of liquid gates and the control methods limit their broad applications. The controllable large deformation of liquid metals (LMs) makes it possible to be used in liquid gate design with simple actuation methods. Here an LM gate that can be easily driven under moderate conditions is proposed, on demand opening at mild electrical voltage (2–5 V) and closing at an oscillating mechanical force (≈0.05 N) in a wide range of pH (2–12). The gating mechanism relies on the large surface tension alteration at these conditions, which directly changes the shape of the LM from a flat film to a contracted meniscus to one side of the copper gate‐frame. As demonstrated, this gate can be applied to release substances such as liquid (ink), biomolecule (insulin) by free diffusion. Moreover, single‐channel and multichannel gates can be realized for high throughput control. The biocompatibility of the whole gate is also proved by cytotoxicity assays. Above all, a novel LM gate is offered with simple structure and easy control, which may bring inspiration to applications in controlled substance release and separation.

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Pulsing Liquid Alloys for Nanomaterials Synthesis

Cited by 55 publications

References 46 publications

A Robot Boat Powered by Liquid Metal Engines

A Robot Boat Powered by Liquid Metal Engines

Interfacial Engineering of Room Temperature Liquid Metals

Electrochemically and Mechanically Regulated Liquid Metal Gate via Giant Surface Tension Alteration

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