The rise in environmental issues has stimulated research on alternative energy. In this regard, triboelectric generation has received much attention as one of several new alternative energy sources. Among the triboelectric generation methods, solid-liquid triboelectric nanogenerators (SLTENGs) have been actively investigated owing to their durability and broad applicability. In this paper, we report on the optimum arrangement of SLTENGs to increase the generation of electrical energy. When hydrophobic SLTENGs are arranged in parallel with a specific intervening gap, the friction area between the water and the surface of the SLTENGs is changed owing to the different penetration distances of water between them. This difference affects the amount of triboelectricity generated; this change in the water contact area is caused by the capillary phenomenon. Therefore, we investigated the effect of the gap on water penetration and formulated an optimum arrangement to achieve optimum electricity generation efficiency when multiple SLTENGs are contained in a limited volume. The proposed optimum arrangement of SLTENGs is expected to have high utilization in energy harvesting from natural environment sources such as wave energy or water flow.In this study, we developed an arrangement of TENGs that allows the most efficient energy output within a limited volume by considering the capillary effect. First, the gap between parallel-stacked solid-liquid TENGs (SLTENGs) that generates the maximum electrical output was investigated. Next, we analysed whether this optimal value of the gap is effective when the number of electrodes is varied within the limited volume. Through experimentation, the optimal arrangement of SLTENGs in a limited volume was determined for sustainable and increased electricity generation. The proposed arrangement can be regarded as a guide for increasing the electrical output of liquid-driven TENGs.
Experimental SectionMaterials. Industrial aluminium plates (Al 5052, thickness: 1.0 mm) were purchased from Alfa Aesar, USA.Perchloric acid (HClO 4 ), ethyl alcohol (C 2 H 5 OH), oxalic acid (C 2 H 2 O 4 ), and n-hexane (C 6 H 14 ) were obtained from SAMCHUN Chemicals, Republic of Korea. Heptadecafluoro-1, 1, 2, 2-tetrahydrodecyl trichlorosilane (HDFS) was supplied by JSI Silicone Co., Japan. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was purchased from Du Pont, USA. All other chemicals were of analytical reagent grade and were used as received.fabrication and characterization. The proposed SLTENG was fabricated as follows. To eliminate the impurities and unevenness that influence contact electrification on industrial aluminium plates, the plates were polished in a mixture of perchloric acid and ethyl alcohol (HClO 4 : C 2 H 5 OH = 1: 4 by volume) under a constant voltage of 20 V for 5 min using a computer power supply (Digital Electronics Co., DRP-92001DUS). The mixture was maintained at 7 °C during the polishing process by means of a circulator (Lab Companion, RW-0525G). After the polishing process, the plates were rinsed w...