Pupal Habitat Productivity of Anopheles Gambiae Complex Mosquitoes in a Rural Village in Western Kenya

Mutuku, Francis; Bayoh, M. Nabie; Gimnig, John E.; Vulule, John; Kamau, Luna; Walker, Edward D.; Kabiru, Ephantus W.; Hawley, William A.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2006.74.54

Cited by 111 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…At our Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) study site in Kisian, Kenya (near Kisumu), depths of puddles serving as larval An. gambiae habitats vary 3±3 (S.E.M) cm each day (Mutuku et al 2006). Thunderstorms frequently deliver rain to a region, but they irregularly form or renew puddles at a given site.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life on the edge: African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae s. l.) larvae are amphibious

Miller

Huang

Vulule

et al. 2006

Naturwissenschaften

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Anopheles gambiae s.l. is the main vector of malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa. Here, an estimated 1 million people die every year from this disease. Despite considerable research on An. gambiae that increasingly explores sub-organismal phenomena, important facets of the field biology of this deadly insect are yet being discovered. In the current study, we used simple observational tools to reveal that the habitat of larval An. gambiae is not limited within the boundaries of temporary mud puddles, as has been the accepted generalization. Thus, control tactics aimed at immatures must consider zones larger than puddles per se. In fact, eggs are more likely to be found outside than inside puddles. Eggs can develop and larvae can emerge on mud. Larvae are then capable of three distinct modes of terrestrial displacement (two active and one passive), whereby, they can reach standing water. On mud bearing a film of water, larvae actively displace backwards by sinusoidal undulations shown to be only a slight variation of the swimming motor program. On drying mud, larvae switch to a slower and forward form of active locomotion resembling that of a crawling caterpillar. During rains, small larvae may be passively displaced by flowing rainwater so as to be deposited into puddles. These capabilities for being amphibious, along with very rapid growth and development, help explain how An. gambiae thrives in a highly uncertain and often hostile larval environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life on the edge: African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae s. l.) larvae are amphibious

Miller

Huang

Vulule

et al. 2006

Naturwissenschaften

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“…By definition, egg deposition by Anopheles gambiae sensu lato determines the distribution of larvae of this important malaria vector in nature, which in turn influences resultant production of the adults (Mutuku et al 2006b). An.…”

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confidence: 98%

Egg Placement by Anopheles gambiae (Diptera:Culicidae) as Influenced by Resting Surface Slope and Enclosure

2012

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In these experiments, oviposition by laboratory-reared Anopheles gambiae s. s. was as likely to occur from a vertical perch, as from a horizontal sitting position on a substrate of moist mud or open water. Tall cylinders with moist, dark walls provided an enclosed vertical resting surface from which An. gambiae deposited eggs. Similar numbers of eggs were deposited in these cylinders as on dark and moist horizontallypositioned ovipositional substrates. Likewise, An. gambiae oviposited equally from a vertical perch among emergent surrogate reeds vs. sitting horizontally on mud. Open ovipositional resources with exposed resting surfaces presenting 45°, 90°, and 135°a ngles relative to the cage floor received fewer eggs than a horizontally positioned, moist and dark ovipositional dish, even though more An. gambiae females settled on these angled resting surfaces post-oviposition. We conclude that vertical resting sites are adequate perches from which oviposition can occur if they provide high humidity and the paramount dark and wet ovipositional cues for An. gambiae oviposition.

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“…Secondly, such pools are temporary and therefore contain fewer or no competitors and predators decreasing the larvae mortality rate (Koenraadt et al, 2004;Sunahara et al, 2002). Thirdly, human activities contribute to the creation of these habitats which are found near human settlements and thus time spent by the gravid mosquito to locate surface water for oviposition is reduced (Mutuku et al, 2006b;Minakawa et al, 1999). Another critical factor determining mosquito breeding habitat productivity is its stability because only habitats that persist long enough can produce adult mosquitoes (Gianotti et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mosquitoes may exploit any available water for oviposition, natural or man-made (Imbahale et al, 2011;Fillinger et al, 2004), permanent or temporary (Fillinger et al, 2004), clean or polluted (Sattler et al, 2005;Awolola et al, 2007;Chinery, 1984) and of various sizes from hoof-prints of animals to the edges of large water bodies (Sattler et al, 2005;Mutuku et al, 2006b;Imbahale et al, 2011), although individual species have preferences of habitat type. For example, Anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes, the principal malaria vector in Sub-Sahara Africa prefer temporary, sunlit water bodies for their breeding, which become abundant during the rainy season (Mutuku et al, 2006a;Minakawa et al, 2004), although their larvae have also been found in polluted waters (Imbahale et al, 2011;Awolola et al, 2007;Sattler et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A breeding site model for regional, dynamical malaria simulations evaluated using in situ temporary ponds observations

Asare¹,

Tompkins²,

Amekudzi³

et al. 2016

Geospat Health

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Daily observations of potential mosquito developmental habitats in a suburb of Kumasi in central Ghana reveal a strong variability in their water persistence times, which ranged between 11 and 81 days. The persistence of the ponds was strongly tied with rainfall, location and size of the puddles. A simple power-law relationship is found to fit the relationship between the average pond depth and area well. A prognostic water balance model is derived that describes the temporal evolution of the pond area and depth, incorporating the power-law geometrical relation. Pond area increases in response to rainfall, while evaporation and infiltration act as sink terms. Based on a range of evaluation metrics, the prognostic model is judged to provide a good representation of the pond coverage evolution at most sites. Finally, we demonstrate that the prognostic equation can be generalised and equally applied to a grid-cell to derive a fractional pond coverage, and thus can be implemented in spatially distributed models for relevant vector-borne diseases such as malaria.

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Pupal Habitat Productivity of Anopheles Gambiae Complex Mosquitoes in a Rural Village in Western Kenya

Cited by 111 publications

References 21 publications

Life on the edge: African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae s. l.) larvae are amphibious

Life on the edge: African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae s. l.) larvae are amphibious

Egg Placement by Anopheles gambiae (Diptera:Culicidae) as Influenced by Resting Surface Slope and Enclosure

A breeding site model for regional, dynamical malaria simulations evaluated using in situ temporary ponds observations

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