Puppy Line, Metaphyseal Sclerosis, and Caudolateral Curvilinear and Circumferential Femoral Head Osteophytes in Early Detection of Canine Hip Dysplasia

Abstract

Ventrodorsal extended hip radiographs were analyzed from Foxhounds, Irish setters, Greyhounds, and Labrador retrievers radiographed four to seven times between 8 and 110 weeks of age. Occurrence in these 91 dogs of a puppy line, an ill-defined zone of proximal femoral metaphyseal sclerosis, a femoral neck linear sclerosis, or circumferential linear femoral head osteophytosis at 15-17 weeks of age were compared with hip joint laxity, as measured by distraction index, and to later findings of caudal curvilinear femoral neck osteophytes, circumferential femoral head osteophytes, hip incongruity consistent with hip dysplasia and degenerative joint disease by 52 weeks of age. A puppy line and/or femoral metaphyseal sclerosis was common at 15-17 weeks of age for dogs at mimimal risk (Greyhounds) and high risk (Foxhounds) of developing early degenerative joint disease associated with canine hip dysplasia. Though 44% of Greyhound hips had puppy lines and 28% had femoral metaphyseal sclerosis at 15-17 weeks of age, no Greyhound had a caudolateral curvilinear osteophyte or circumferential femoral head osteophyte at 24-27 or 52 weeks of age. No significant relationship was found between occurrence of a puppy line, a circumferential femoral head osteophyte or femoral metaphyseal sclerosis at 15-17 weeks and canine hip dysplasia or degenerative joint disease incidence at 42-52 weeks. Presence of a caudolateral curvilinear osteophyte in at least one hip at 24-27 weeks was significantly related to the diagnosis of canine hip dysplasia by 42-52 weeks. When both a caudolateral curvilinear osteophyte and a circumferential femoral head osteophyte were present in a hip at 24-27 weeks, degenerative joint disease was evident in all such hips by 42-52 weeks of age.

Avaliação radiográfica da diplasia coxofemoral de cães adultos: comparação entre dois métodos

“…A idade média dos cães avaliados foi de quatro anos e dez meses, o que permitiu a utilização do MRC como padrão ouro para o diagnóstico, tendo em vista que vários pesquisadores (Brass, 1989;Smith et al, 1993;Tôrres et al, 2005;Froes, 2011) demonstram que a eficácia dessa técnica varia entre 92 e 95%, quando realizada após os dois anos de idade. A alta sensibilidade do MRC, quando realizado em animais adultos, é justificada pela utilização associada da aferição do AN e a avaliação dos sinais radiográficos da DAD, presentes nos animais displásicos nessa idade (Tôrres, 2003;Tôrres et al, 2007;Risler et al, 2009;Vanden Berg-Foels et al, 2011;Froes, 2011).…”

“…Algumas raças de cães são mais acometidas, como, por exemplo, a Bulldog Inglês, a Pastor Alemão, a Fila Brasileiro, entre outras de médio e grande portes (Lafound et al, 2002;Orthopedic..., 2012). As alterações morfológicas observadas nesses animais são a subluxação ou luxação coxofemoral, o arrasamento do acetábulo, o achatamento da cabeça femoral e outros sinais de DAD ( Morgan, 1997;Risler et al, 2009).…”

“…Para melhorar a sensibilidade e especificidade dos métodos radiográficos, foram desenvolvidos exames com a articulação coxofemoral sob estresse, denominado Método Radiográfico em Distração (MRD). Eles permitem a detecção precoce da frouxidão articular e, consequentemente, do risco de desenvolvimento da DCF e DAD (Smith et al, 1990;Risler et al, 2009).…”

Radiological evaluation of the relationship between caudolateral curvilinear osteophyte and joint laxity and degenerative joint disease associated with Canine Hip Dysplasia

“…They also reported that this line appears less distinct, straighter, and often shorter than the CCO observed in dogs ≤ 18 months of age, and it then disappeared or transformed into a CCO, so it is thought to be nonpathologic and should not be confused with CCO (MORGAN, 1987;MAYHEW et al, 2002;POWERS et al, 2004;RISLER et al 2009). For evaluation of the relationship of CCO with age, statistical analyses were carried out on subpopulations of dogs 4-11 months old, 12-23 months old and ≥24 months old as well as the overall population.…”

Morgan line and its relationship with distraction index, angle of inclination and degenerative joint disease in the diagnosis of canine hip dysplasia

“…The early radiographic diagnosis enables the treatment of the disease, reducing the progression of DJD (Risler et al, 2009). Efforts have been made in an attempt to find reliable methods for diagnosis in young animals.…”