Pure Apodized Phase-Shifted Fiber Bragg Gratings Fabricated by a Two-Beam Interferometer With Polarization Control

Chuang, Kai-Ping; Lai, Yinchieh; Sheu, Lin-Gen

doi:10.1109/lpt.2004.823762

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Since the demonstration of a phase-shifted fiber grating for distributed feedback ͑DFB͒ and dense wavelength division multiplex ͑WDM͒ applications, 48 by means of laser post processing, numerous methods have been developed, including using holographic phase masks with a ⌳ / 4 already present, 49 the use of piezoelements to either overdither or physically displace a phase mask while scanning the UV writing beam, 50 and the use of two polarizations in UV writing beam displaced from each other by a polarization beam splitter 51 such that one half of the grating is one polarization out of phase with the other half, which is another polarization. This latter approach was based on the intrinsic advantages of the polarization control grating writing method.…”

Section: A Precision Phase-shifting Gratingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet-induced birefringence in hydrogen-loaded optical fiber

Canning

Deyerl

Sørensen

et al. 2005

Journal of Applied Physics

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A precision phase-shifting approach to fabricate various phase-shifted gratings using different combinations of polarized ultraviolet ͑UV͒ light is demonstrated. In doing so, the difference between s-and p-polarized light reported by others is confirmed. However, we reveal added complexity for the role of hydrogen and deuterium in the UV-induced process. Previous arguments for the origins are systematically ruled out by reviewing existing literature. We note that the birefringence is made up of at least two components with different thermal stabilities, one consistent simply with molecular hydrogen being present in the system. Overall the birefringence, by deduction, is associated with anisotropy in hydrogen reactions within the fiber. As a result they lead, through known mechanisms of dilation in glass, to anisotropic stress relaxation that can be annealed out, with or without hydrogen remaining, at low temperatures close to 125°C.

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Section: A Precision Phase-shifting Gratingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet-induced birefringence in hydrogen-loaded optical fiber

Canning

Deyerl

Sørensen

et al. 2005

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…The long fiber Bragg grating is achieved by connecting many strongly-overlapped, equally-spaced, Gaussian-shaped FBG sections with accurate grating phase alignment. A half-wave plate is placed in one path of the two interfering beams to obtain pure apodization (flat DC-index modulation) for the final FBG [9]. The translation stage comprises of a linear motor stage and a piezoelectric translator (PZT) stage with sub-nm position resolution.…”

Section: Real-time Side-diffraction Position Monitoring By Probing Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondly, phase shifts along the fiber grating can be easily inserted. The first scheme fails to do this because with the insertion of phase shifts, the grating phase of the just-exposed section will still not reach the final value due to the strongly-overlapped exposure method we use [9]. Thirdly, the required reference FBG can be fabricated by a similar setup (the first scheme) or by different methods (i.e., the phase mask method).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber Bragg grating sequential UV-writing method with real-time interferometric side-diffraction position monitoring

Hsu¹,

Sheu²,

Chuang³

et al. 2005

Opt. Express

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This work presents a new sequential UV-writing procedure for fabricating long fiber Bragg grating (FBG) devices. To real-time accurately align the position of every exposed FBG section prior to UV exposure, a single-period reference fiber grating with strong refractive index modulation is probed by applying an interferometric side-diffraction method to measure the grating phase as the position reference. In this way the overlapped FBG sections can be connected section-by-section without obvious phase errors, even when the written index-modulation is weak.

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“…Those codes are then generated by optical guides, and in particular by sampled fiber Bragg gratings (SFBG) (Fang et al 2003;Yin and Richardson 2009). SFBGs are optical fibers based on a periodic perturbation of their refractive effective index, obtained by exposing it to UV radiations (Chuang et al 2004;Erdogan 1997;Maloetal.1995). The objective of SFBGs is to reflect predetermined wavelengths and to let other wavelengths pass (Chow et al 1996;Wei et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of code division multiple access filters based on sampled fiber Bragg grating by using global optimization algorithms

Ivorra

Mohammadi²,

Ramos³

2013

Optim Eng

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In this article, we focus on the design of code division multiple access filters (used in data transmission) composed of a particular optical fiber called sampled fiber Bragg grating (SFBG). More precisely, we consider an inverse problem that consists in determining the effective refractive index profile of an SFBG that produces a given reflected spectrum. In order to solve this problem, we use an original multilayers semi-deterministic global optimization method based on the search of suitable initial conditions for a given optimization algorithm. The results obtained with our optimization algorithms are compared, in term of complexity and final design, with those given by an hybrid genetic algorithm (the method generally considered in the literature for designing SFBGs).

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Pure Apodized Phase-Shifted Fiber Bragg Gratings Fabricated by a Two-Beam Interferometer With Polarization Control

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

Ultraviolet-induced birefringence in hydrogen-loaded optical fiber

Ultraviolet-induced birefringence in hydrogen-loaded optical fiber

Fiber Bragg grating sequential UV-writing method with real-time interferometric side-diffraction position monitoring

Design of code division multiple access filters based on sampled fiber Bragg grating by using global optimization algorithms

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