Pure PEDOT:PSS hydrogels

Lu, Baoyang; Yuk, Hyunwoo; Lin, Shaoting; Jian, Nannan; Qu, Kai; Xu, Jingkun; Zhao, Xuanhe

doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09003-5

Cited by 694 publications

(704 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Severe swelling in polar solvent‐treated PEDOT:PSS fibers is mainly due to the excessive content of residual PSS, unlike those prepared in an aqueous sulfuric acid, which contain much less PSS (Figure 1a). Note also that the material is aligned slightly along the fiber direction (see also Figure 1b,c), so that the swelling ratios measured along the fiber axis are lower than those along the axial direction 36…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust PEDOT:PSS Wet‐Spun Fibers for Thermoelectric Textiles

Kim

Lund

Noh

et al. 2020

Macro Materials & Eng

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To realize thermoelectric textiles that can convert body heat to electricity, fibers with excellent mechanical and thermoelectric properties are needed. Although poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is among the most promising organic thermoelectric materials, reports that explore its use for thermoelectric fibers are all but absent. Herein, the mechanical and thermoelectric properties of wet‐spun PEDOT:PSS fibers are reported, and their use in energy‐harvesting textiles is discussed. Wet‐spinning into sulfuric acid results in water‐stable semicrystalline fibers with a Young's modulus of up to 1.9 GPa, an electrical conductivity of 830 S cm−1, and a thermoelectric power factor of 30 μV m−1 K−2. Stretching beyond the yield point as well as repeated tensile deformation and bending leave the electrical properties of these fibers almost unaffected. The mechanical robustness/durability and excellent underwater stability of semicrystalline PEDOT:PSS fibers, combined with a promising thermoelectric performance, opens up their use in practical energy‐harvesting textiles, as illustrated by an embroidered thermoelectric fabric module.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust PEDOT:PSS Wet‐Spun Fibers for Thermoelectric Textiles

Kim

Lund

Noh

et al. 2020

Macro Materials & Eng

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“…Moreover, despite their high water content of around 75 wt % (3), skeletal muscles can sustain a high stress of 1 MPa over 1 million cycles per year, with a fatigue resistance over 1,000 J/m 2 (4). The combinational properties of skeletal muscles (i.e., high fatigue resistance, high strength, superior compliance, and high water content) are highly desirable for hydrogels' nascent applications in soft biological devices, such as load-bearing artificial tissues (5), hydrogel bioelectronics (6)(7)(8)(9), hydrogel optical fibers (10,11), ingestible hydrogel devices (12), robust hydrogel coatings on medical devices (13)(14)(15)(16)(17), and hydrogel soft robots (18)(19)(20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle-like fatigue-resistant hydrogels by mechanical training

Lin

Liu

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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405

412

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Skeletal muscles possess the combinational properties of high fatigue resistance (1,000 J/m 2 ), high strength (1 MPa), low Young's modulus (100 kPa), and high water content (70 to 80 wt %), which have not been achieved in synthetic hydrogels. The muscle-like properties are highly desirable for hydrogels' nascent applications in load-bearing artificial tissues and soft devices. Here, we propose a strategy of mechanical training to achieve the aligned nanofibrillar architectures of skeletal muscles in synthetic hydrogels, resulting in the combinational muscle-like properties. These properties are obtained through the training-induced alignment of nanofibrils, without additional chemical modifications or additives. In situ confocal microscopy of the hydrogels' fracturing processes reveals that the fatigue resistance results from the crack pinning by the aligned nanofibrils, which require much higher energy to fracture than the corresponding amorphous polymer chains. This strategy is particularly applicable for 3D-printed microstructures of hydrogels, in which we can achieve isotropically fatigue-resistant, strong yet compliant properties.polyvinyl alcohol | anti-fatigue-fracture | freeze−thaw | prestretch | 3D printing B iological load-bearing tissues such as skeletal muscles commonly show J-shaped stress−strain behaviors with low Young's modulus and high strength on the order of 100 kPa and 1 MPa, respectively (1, 2). Moreover, despite their high water content of around 75 wt % (3), skeletal muscles can sustain a high stress of 1 MPa over 1 million cycles per year, with a fatigue resistance over 1,000 J/m 2 (4). The combinational properties of skeletal muscles (i.e., high fatigue resistance, high strength, superior compliance, and high water content) are highly desirable for hydrogels' nascent applications in soft biological devices, such as load-bearing artificial tissues (5), hydrogel bioelectronics (6-9), hydrogel optical fibers (10, 11), ingestible hydrogel devices (12), robust hydrogel coatings on medical devices (13-17), and hydrogel soft robots (18)(19)(20).Although various molecular and macromolecular engineering approaches have replicated parts of biological muscles' characteristics, none of them can synergistically replicate all these attributes in one single material system (SI Appendix, Table S1). For example, both strain-stiffening hydrogels (21, 22) and bottle brush polymer networks (1, 23) can mimic the J-shaped stress− strain behaviors, but their fracture toughness is still much lower than biological tissues, since no significant mechanical dissipation has been introduced in these materials for toughness enhancement. Although various tough hydrogels (24-26) have been developed by incorporating various dissipation mechanisms, they are susceptible to fatigue fracture under repeated mechanical loads, since the resistance to fatigue crack propagation after prolonged repeated mechanical loads is the energy required to fracture a single layer of polymer chains, unaffected by the additional dissipation (2...

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“…Conductive polymer hydrogels (CPHs), as a kind of polymeric materials combining of conductive polymers and hydrogels, have showed some novel properties that are not available in other materials . The polymers that made up CPHs mainly include poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), polythiophene (PTh), polypyrrole (PPy), and polyaniline (PAni), which form into CPHs by constructing covalently or physically crosslinked hydrophilic network . CPHs, synergizing the advantages of hydrogels and organic conductors, exhibit unique electrical, chemical, and mechanical properties, which endow CPHs great potentials in energy storage device, tissue engineering, and different types of sensors …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of conductive polymer hydrogels and their application in sensors

Guo

Pan

et al. 2019

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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Conductive polymer hydrogels (CPHs), which combine the unique advantages of hydrogels and organic conductors, have received wide attention due to their adjustable mechanical properties, biocompatibility, self‐healing, hydrophilicity, and ease of preparation. With doping engineering and incorporation with other functional nanomaterials, CPHs have exhibited excellent physical/chemical properties. CPHs have been widely used in various electronic devices, especially in the field of sensors due to its sensitivity to external stimuli. This review summarizes recent progress in CPHs from the aspect of the CPHs' properties and their application in advanced sensor technology. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1606–1621

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Pure PEDOT:PSS hydrogels

Cited by 694 publications

References 57 publications

Robust PEDOT:PSS Wet‐Spun Fibers for Thermoelectric Textiles

Robust PEDOT:PSS Wet‐Spun Fibers for Thermoelectric Textiles

Muscle-like fatigue-resistant hydrogels by mechanical training

Properties of conductive polymer hydrogels and their application in sensors

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