Pure red upconversion photoluminescence and paramagnetic properties of Gd2O3:Yb3+, Er3+ nanotubes prepared via a facile hydrothermal process

Magnetic Tuning of Upconversion Luminescence in Lanthanide‐Doped Bifunctional Nanocrystals

“…[1][2][3][4] Conventional OM bifunctional materials are composites that are produced by coupling optical materials with magnetic ones. [6,10] The host materials containing Gd 3+ ions have paramagnetic properties while the doped Er 3+ ions form luminescent centers. On the other hand, producing materials with OM interactions would be valuable for developing advanced OM devices for high-accuracy communications, aircraft guidance, and magnetic field detection.…”

“…It is very difficult to realize an interaction between the optical and magnetic properties (e.g., tuning the optical properties using a magnetic field) in these conventional OM materials because of the separation of the optical and magnetic phases. [6,[8][9][10] The luminescence of Er 3+ ions depends on their coordinated magnetic ion, Gd 3+ . [4][5][6][7] OM interactions depend mainly on the outermost electrons and thus, occur at the atomic scale.…”

“…[6,10] The host materials containing Gd 3+ ions have paramagnetic properties while the doped Er 3+ ions form luminescent centers. [6,10] The host materials containing Gd 3+ ions have paramagnetic properties while the doped Er 3+ ions form luminescent centers.…”

“…To achieve an OM interaction, a single-phase material should simultaneously have optical and magnetic properties to ensure the OM interaction occurs between atoms in the same crystal lattice, not at the interface between two separated phases with a high density of defects.Recent reports show that OM interactions can be simultaneously observed in single-crystal or single-phase materials by lanthanide (Ln) doping, for example, NaGd-F 4 :Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ [8, 9] and Gd 2 O 3 :Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ . [6,10] The host materials containing Gd 3+ ions have paramagnetic properties while the doped Er 3+ ions form luminescent centers. [6,[8][9][10] The luminescence of Er 3+ ions depends on their coordinated magnetic ion, Gd 3+ .…”

“…[6,10] The host materials containing Gd 3+ ions have paramagnetic properties while the doped Er 3+ ions form luminescent centers. [6,[8][9][10] The luminescence of Er 3+ ions depends on their coordinated magnetic ion, Gd 3+ . Therefore, if the impact of the coordinating magnetic ions on their luminescent centers is strong enough, they should change the luminescence of these lanthanide-doped materials depending on the magnetic field.In comparison to Gd 2 O 3 , NaGdF 4 has a lower matrix phonon energy so that it generates a higher luminescent efficiency.…”