“…Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are present in water from the ESRP aquifer because of waste-disposal practices at the INL. From 1987 to 2021, water samples from many wells completed in the ESRP aquifer at and near the INL were analyzed for VOCs for various water-quality studies (Mann and Knobel, 1987;Mann, 1990;Liszewski and Mann, 1992;Greene and Tucker, 1998;Bartholomay and others, 2000;Davis, 2006aDavis, , 2008Davis, , 2010Davis and others, 2013;Maimer and Bartholomay, 2016;others, 2017a, Bartholomay andothers, 2020;Fisher and others, 2021;and Treinen and Bartholomay, 2022). Analyses from these studies indicated that from 1 to 19 VOCs in water samples from several wells exceeded their minimum reporting levels during those years.…”