Purification and Characterization of a Fibrinolytic Enzyme Produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HC188

Shin, So Hee; Hong, Sung Wook; Chung, Kun Sub

doi:10.4014/kjmb.1208.08010

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…In addition, Hsia et al 45 demonstrated that oral administration of two capsules of nattokinase (2000 fibrinolysis units per capsule) daily for two months decreases fibrinogen, factor VII, and factor VIII by about 7-19% in healthy humans and patients with cardiovascular risk factors. Chungkookjang has also shown thrombolysis in vitro studies 46,47 and it may have thrombolysis in vivo activity in animals. In the present study, Chungkookjang may have contributed to the attenuated neuronal cell death by preventing thrombosis, although thrombosis may not be a major casual factor for cerebral ischemia in the transient artery occlusion animal model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fermented soybeans, Chungkookjang, prevent hippocampal cell death and β-cell apoptosis by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines in gerbils with transient artery occlusion

Park

Kim

Kang

et al. 2015

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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Since Chungkookjang, a short-term fermented soybean, is known to improve glucose metabolism and antioxidant activity, it may prevent the neurological symptoms and glucose disturbance induced by artery occlusion. We investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of traditional (TFC) and standardized Chungkookjang fermented with Bacillus licheniformis (BLFC) against ischemia/reperfusion damage in the hippocampal CA1 region and against hyperglycemia after transient cerebral ischemia in gerbils. Gerbils were subjected to either an occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries for 8 min to render them ischemic or a sham operation. Ischemic gerbils were fed either a 40% fat diet containing 10% of either cooked soybean (CSB), TFC, or BLFC for 28 days. Neuronal cell death and cytokine expression in the hippocampus, neurological deficit, serum cytokine levels, and glucose metabolism were measured. TFC and BLFC contained more isoflavonoid aglycones than CSB. Artery occlusion increased the expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α as well as cell death in the hippocampal CA1 region and induced severe neurological symptoms. CSB, TFC, and BLFC prevented the neuronal cell death and the symptoms such as dropped eyelid, bristling hair, reduced muscle tone and flexor reflex, and abnormal posture and walking patterns, and suppressed cytokine expressions. CSB was less effective than TFC and BLFC. Artery occlusion induced glucose intolerance due to decreased insulin secretion and β-cell mass. TFC and BLFC prevented the impairment of glucose metabolism by artery occlusion. Especially TFC and BLFC increased β-cell proliferation and suppressed the β-cell apoptosis by suppressing TNF-α and IL-1β which in turn decreased cleaved caspase-3 that caused apoptosis. In conclusion, TFC and BLFC may prevent and alleviate neuronal cell death in the hippocampal CA1 region and neurological symptoms and poststroke hyperglycemia in gerbils with artery occlusion. This might be associated with increased isoflavonoid aglycones.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%