Purification and characterization of an antihemorrhagic factor in the serum of Trimeresurus flavoviridis, a crotalid

Accelerated Evolution of Fetuin Family Proteins inProtobothrops flavoviridis(Habu Snake) Serum and the Discovery of an L1-Like Genomic Element in the Intronic Sequence of a Fetuin-Encoding Gene

“…22,30) HSF inhibits certain types of snake venom-derived MPs and suppresses their hypodermal hemorrhage-inducing activity. 15,16,30) In addition, it possesses binding capacity to SSPs, suggesting that it serves as a carrier protein for low-molecular-weight functional proteins in habu snake blood. 44) Although this carrier function of HSF appears to be limited for SSPs, it is similar to a subfunction of mammalian fetuin, which is considered an alternative to albumin in the blood of fetal animals.…”

“…[8][9][10][11][12] Since these venom components are also highly toxic to the snakes themselves when accidentally injected into the bloodstream, venomous snakes possess protective proteins that inhibit venomous enzymes in their blood. For example, several isoforms of PLA 2 inhibitors 13,14) and a habu serum factor (HSF) that inhibits venom MPs 15,16) have been isolated and characterized in the habu. HSF is a 45-kDa glycoprotein whose primary structure shows a common characteristic of fetuin family proteins, and consists of N-terminal repeats of two cystatin-like domains (CY1 and CY2) and a C-terminal histidine-rich domain (HR).…”

“…17) In spite of its homology with fetuin, the physiological activity of HSF is quite different. The activity of HSF is restricted to suppression of MP-induced hypodermic hemorrhage, 15,18) whereas fetuin is considered to be a potent inhibitor of systemic calcification. [19][20][21] Indeed, in our additional study of habu serum, we isolated an HSF-like protein (HLP) with fetuin-like calcium-binding activity.…”

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“…Haemorrhagic activity assay A modified haemorrhagic assay described by Omori-Satoh 16 was used to determine the haemorrhagic activity of C. rhodostoma venom. A 100 µl sample was injected intracutaneously (i.c.)…”

Análise do transcriptoma do fígado da serpente Bothrops jararaca utilizando expressed sequences tags (ESTs).

“…Dois mecanismos podem ser responsáveis pela imunidade natural ao veneno presente em alguns animais: 1) mutação no gene que codifica para o alvo da toxina, tornando-o insensível à toxina (BARCHAN et al, 1992;BURDEN;HARTZELL;YOSHIKAMI, 1975;OHANA et al 1991); 2) presença de proteínas neutralizantes para hemorraginas, neurotoxinas e miotoxinas no sangue das serpentes e de outros animais (BORKOW; GUTIÉRREZ; OVADIA, 1997;CLARK;VORIS, 1969;LOMONTE et al, 2009;OMORI-SATOH, 1972;OMORI-SATOH;MEBS, 1977;OYAMA et al, 2009;STRAIGHT;GLENN;SNYDER, 1976;PHILPOT et al, 1978).…”