Purification and characterization of an endo-polygalacturonase (PG1) from a Zimbabwean species ofArmillaria

Mwenje, Eddie; Ride, J.P.

doi:10.1006/pmpp.1999.0210

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In accordance a PG of Armillaria sp. was reported to be not glycosylated as fungal PGs in general were supposed to be [24]. Low degree of glycosylation was found for a PG from A. alternata [25] and M. flavus [26], where mass differences in the range of a single hexose group and N-acetylhexosamine, respectively, were detected.…”

Section: Extent Of Glycosylationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Purification and mechanistic characterisation of two polygalacturonases from Sclerotium rolfsii

Schnitzhofer

Weber

Vršanská

et al. 2007

Enzyme and Microbial Technology

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Sclerotium rolfsii (strain CBS 350.80) was found to produce extraordinary high amounts of polygalacturonases (PGs). Two of these extracellular enzymes were purified by a recently introduced preparative electrophoretic device (isoelectric focusing mode of free flow electrophoresis). PG 1 (39.5 kDa, pI 6.5) and PG 2 (38 kDa, pI 5.4) exhibited quite similar properties, they were found to be both endo-acting enzymes. Both PGs cleaved penta-and trigalacturonic acid while tetragalacturonic acid was only cleaved when trigalacturonic acid was present. The latter substrate was hydrolysed much faster by PG 2. Both enzymes were active on pectins with different degrees of esterification, they were sensitive towards Ca-cations and not glycosylated. The kinetic properties were measured by viscosimetry with polygalacturonic acid as a substrate. NMR experiments on a model substrate revealed an inverting mechanism of carbohydrate hydrolysis for both enzymes.

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Section: Extent Of Glycosylationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Purification and mechanistic characterisation of two polygalacturonases from Sclerotium rolfsii

Schnitzhofer

Weber

Vršanská

et al. 2007

Enzyme and Microbial Technology

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“…Basidiospores are unimportant in infection and no asexual reproductive stage is known (Mwenje et al., 1998, Rizzo et al., 1998, Hood et al., 2008). To penetrate plant roots, rhizomorphs grow appressed to the root surface and produce lateral branches that secrete an assortment of cell wall degrading enzymes such as laccases, pectin lyases, peroxidases, polygalacturonases and suberinases (Mwenje and Ride, 1999, Baumgartner et al., 2011, Ross-Davis et al., 2013). After penetrating the root, hyphae subsequently spread through the phloem and secondary xylem in parallel to the cambium and colonise the surrounding tissues, growing as a mycelial fan through the roots and causing necrotic lesions (Fig.…”

Section: Pathogenic Basidiomycetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The good, the bad and the tasty: The many roles of mushrooms

Mattos-Shipley¹,

Ford²,

Alberti³

et al. 2016

Studies in Mycology

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Fungi are often inconspicuous in nature and this means it is all too easy to overlook their importance. Often referred to as the “Forgotten Kingdom”, fungi are key components of life on this planet. The phylum Basidiomycota, considered to contain the most complex and evolutionarily advanced members of this Kingdom, includes some of the most iconic fungal species such as the gilled mushrooms, puffballs and bracket fungi. Basidiomycetes inhabit a wide range of ecological niches, carrying out vital ecosystem roles, particularly in carbon cycling and as symbiotic partners with a range of other organisms. Specifically in the context of human use, the basidiomycetes are a highly valuable food source and are increasingly medicinally important. In this review, seven main categories, or ‘roles’, for basidiomycetes have been suggested by the authors: as model species, edible species, toxic species, medicinal basidiomycetes, symbionts, decomposers and pathogens, and two species have been chosen as representatives of each category. Although this is in no way an exhaustive discussion of the importance of basidiomycetes, this review aims to give a broad overview of the importance of these organisms, exploring the various ways they can be exploited to the benefit of human society.

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“…Examples of biopolymer‐degrading enzymes characterized from Armillaria include manganese‐dependent peroxidases, pectin lyases, pectin methylesterases, polygalacturonases, phenol oxidases, proteinases and metalloproteases (Barry et al ., 1981; Lee et al ., 2005; Mwenje and Ride, 1997, 1999; Robene‐Soustrade et al ., 1992; Wahlstrom et al ., 1991). Here, we highlight laccases (E.C.…”

Section: In Vitro and In Planta Pathogen Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Secrets of the subterranean pathosystem of Armillaria

Baumgartner

Coetzee

Hoffmeister

2011

Molecular Plant Pathology

168

174

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Armillaria root disease affects fruit and nut crops, timber trees and ornamentals in boreal, temperate and tropical regions of the world. The causal pathogens are members of the genus Armillaria (Basidiomycota, Physalacriaceae). This review summarizes the state of knowledge and highlights recent advances in Armillaria research. Taxonomy:Armillaria includes more than 40 morphological species. However, the identification and delineation of species on the basis of morphological characters are problematic, resulting in many species being undetected. Implementation of the biological species' concept and DNA sequence comparisons in the contemporary taxonomy of Armillaria have led to the discovery of a number of new species that are not linked to described morphological species.Host range: Armillaria exhibits a range of symbioses with both plants and fungi. As plant pathogens, Armillaria species have broad host ranges, infecting mostly woody species. Armillaria can also colonize orchids Galeola and Gastrodia but, in this case, the fungus is the host and the plant is the parasite. Similar to its contrasting relationships with plants, Armillaria acts as either host or parasite in its interactions with other fungi.Disease control: Recent research on post-infection controls has revealed promising alternatives to the former pre-plant eradication attempts with soil fumigants, which are now being regulated more heavily or banned outright because of their negative effects on the environment. New study tools for genetic manipulation of the pathogen and characterization of the molecular basis of the host response will greatly advance the development of resistant rootstocks in a new stage of research. The depth of the research, regardless of whether traditional or genomic approaches are used, will depend on a clear understanding of where the different propagules of Armillaria attack a root system, which of the pathogen's diverse biolymer-degrading enzymes and secondary metabolites facilitate infection, and how the course of infection differs between resistant and susceptible hosts.

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Purification and characterization of an endo-polygalacturonase (PG1) from a Zimbabwean species ofArmillaria

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Purification and mechanistic characterisation of two polygalacturonases from Sclerotium rolfsii

Purification and mechanistic characterisation of two polygalacturonases from Sclerotium rolfsii

The good, the bad and the tasty: The many roles of mushrooms

Secrets of the subterranean pathosystem of Armillaria

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