Purification and Characterization of Galanin and Scyliorhinin I from the Hybrid Sturgeon,Scaphirhynchus platorynchus×Scaphirhynchus albus(Acipenseriformes)

Wang, Yuqi; Barton, Bruce; Thim, Lars; Nielsen, Peter E.; Conlon, J. Michael

doi:10.1006/gcen.1998.7174

Cited by 25 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Leptin increases the mRNA expression of the hormonesensitive lipase, the key enzyme responsible for lipolysis, while simultaneously inhibiting the expression of acetyl CoA carboxylase, a rate limiting enzyme for lipogenic enzyme fatty acid synthase [19,20]. Additionally, it has been shown that leptin is also responsible for an increase in mitochondrial fatty acid b-oxidation, particularly by up regulating the expression of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1 (CPT-1) and acyl-CoA oxidase via an increase in the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors a (PPARa) [21].…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Fatty Acid‐Specific Alterations in Leptin, PPARα, and CPT‐1 Gene Expression in the Rainbow Trout

Coccia

Varricchio

Vito

et al. 2014

Lipids

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It is known that fatty acids (FA) regulate lipid metabolism by modulating the expression of numerous genes. In order to gain a better understanding of the effect of individual FA on lipid metabolism related genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), an in vitro time-course study was implemented where twelve individual FA (butyric 4:0; caprylic 8:0; palmitic (PAM) 16:0; stearic (STA) 18:0; palmitoleic16:1n-7; oleic 18:1n-9; 11-cis-eicosenoic 20:1n-9; linoleic (LNA) 18:2n-6; α-linolenic (ALA) 18:3n-3; eicosapentenoic (EPA) 20:5n-3; docosahexaenoic (DHA) 22:6n-3; arachidonic (ARA) 20:4n-6) were incubated in rainbow trout liver slices. The effect of FA administration over time was evaluated on the expression of leptin, PPARα and CPT-1 (lipid oxidative related genes). Leptin mRNA expression was down regulated by saturated fatty acids (SFA) and LNA, and was up regulated by monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and long chain PUFA, whilst STA and ALA had no effect. PPARα and CPT-1mRNA expression were up regulated by SFA, MUFA, ALA, ARA and DHA; and down regulated by LNA and EPA. These results suggest that there are individual and specific FA induced modifications of leptin, PPARα and CPT-1 gene expression in rainbow trout, and it is envisaged that such results may provide highly valuable information for future practical applications in fish nutrition.

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mentioning

confidence: 98%

Fatty Acid‐Specific Alterations in Leptin, PPARα, and CPT‐1 Gene Expression in the Rainbow Trout

Coccia

Varricchio

Vito

et al. 2014

Lipids

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“…Thus, the net behavioral response to stress is dependent on the overall level of noradrenergic system activation and the resulting balance between NE and Gal neurotransmission. This diverse action of Gal are likely to be the result of the activation of multiple receptors with different signaling pathways [45–47]. GalR1 and GalR2 are expressed throughout the brain [48],while GalR3 is confined to the hypothalamus [49] It has been postulated that the dysregulation of the normal interaction between NE and Gal in the amygdala may contribute to stress-related disorders, such as depression, anxiety and PTSD [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Galanin Systems in a Rat Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

et al. 2016

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic syndrome triggered by exposure to trauma and a failure to recover from a normal negative emotional reaction to traumatic stress. The neurobiology of PTSD and the participation of neuropeptides in the neural systems and circuits that control fear and anxiety are not fully understood. The long-term dysregulation of neuropeptide systems contributes to the development of anxiety disorders, including PTSD. The neuropeptide galanin (Gal) and its receptors participate in anxiety-like and depression-related behaviors via the modulation of neuroendocrine and monoaminergic systems. The objective of this research was to investigate how Gal expression changes in the brain of rats 2 weeks after exposure to footshock. Rats exposed to footshocks were subdivided into high responders (HR; immobility>60%) and low responders (LR; immobility<40%) based on immobility elicited by a novel tone one day after exposure. On day 14, rats were anesthetized, and the amygdala, hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal glands were removed for analysis using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Gal mRNA levels were increased in the amygdala and hypothalamus of HR compared with the control and LR. In contrast, Gal mRNA levels were decreased in the adrenal and pituitary glands of HR compared with the control and LR. Thus, the differential regulation (dysregulation) of the neuropeptide Gal in these tissues may contribute to anxiety and PTSD development.

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“…Neuropeptides coming under tachykinins with a common amino acid sequence of Phe-Xaa-Gly-Leu-MetNH 2 have been isolated from brain tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) (Jensen and Conlon, 1992). Tachykinins have also been isolated from a number of other species including goldfish (Lin and Peter, 1997), sturgeon (Wang et al, 1999), and elasmobranches (Wang et al, 1995). Tachykinins including substance P, neurokinin A, neuropeptide K, and neuropeptide γ are mainly distributed in neurons and endocrine cells of vertebrates.…”

Section: Polypeptidementioning

confidence: 98%

Isolation and characterization of visceral excitatory neuropeptides from striped mullet (Mugil cephalus L.) brain

2006

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Purification and Characterization of Galanin and Scyliorhinin I from the Hybrid Sturgeon,Scaphirhynchus platorynchus×Scaphirhynchus albus(Acipenseriformes)

Cited by 25 publications

References 26 publications

Fatty Acid‐Specific Alterations in Leptin, PPARα, and CPT‐1 Gene Expression in the Rainbow Trout

Fatty Acid‐Specific Alterations in Leptin, PPARα, and CPT‐1 Gene Expression in the Rainbow Trout

Changes in Galanin Systems in a Rat Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Isolation and characterization of visceral excitatory neuropeptides from striped mullet (Mugil cephalus L.) brain

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