Abstract:The study aims to evaluate the relation between peroxidases of day-6 garden cress sprouts and phenolic compounds. Three cationic, three anionic, and two unbounded peroxidases were separated from day-6 garden cress sprouts. Cationic (GCP1) and anionic (GCP2) peroxidases were purified with molecular masses of 25 and 40 kDa, respectively. The K m values of GCP1 toward H 2 O 2 and guaiacol were lower than GCP2. The anionic GCP2 exhibited high affinity toward some lignin monomers, sinapyl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol… Show more
“…Chlorophenol is a kind of toxic organic pollutant with liposolubility and bioaccumulation, which has been listed as one of the 68 kinds of water pollutants in China [1][2][3]. At present, the main methods to deal with chlorophenols in water are the biological method, microbial fuel cell method, and so on [4][5][6][7]. Photocatalysis is an effective and environmentally friendly environmental purification technology, which can decompose toxic chlorophenols into CO 2 , H 2 O, and non-toxic inorganic acids under sunlight.…”
The BiOI/NH2-MIL-125(Ti) composite photocatalyst with excellent photocatalytic performance was prepared by the solvothermal method. For the BiOI/NH2-MIL-125(Ti) (BNMT) system, the contents of NH2-MIL-125(Ti) in BNMT-4, BNMT-5, BNMT-7, BNMT-9, and BNMT-10 were 4 wt %, 5 wt %, 7 wt %, 9 wt %, and 10 wt %, respectively. XRD, XPS, SEM, and TEM characterizations indicated that BiOI/NH2-MIL-125(Ti) was successfully prepared. Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra photoelectrochemical analysis indicated that BNMT-9 can make the specific surface area and photo absorption region larger than BiOI. In addition, the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers was improved, and the recombination efficiency was reduced. The degradation percentages of Rhodamine B (RhB) and p-chlorophenol (P-CP) reached 99% and 90% over BNMT-9 under visible light irradiation. Additionally, the catalysts had high stability. The results of the active spices trapping experiments test indicated that h+ was the main active species. The possible degradation mechanism was proposed.
“…Chlorophenol is a kind of toxic organic pollutant with liposolubility and bioaccumulation, which has been listed as one of the 68 kinds of water pollutants in China [1][2][3]. At present, the main methods to deal with chlorophenols in water are the biological method, microbial fuel cell method, and so on [4][5][6][7]. Photocatalysis is an effective and environmentally friendly environmental purification technology, which can decompose toxic chlorophenols into CO 2 , H 2 O, and non-toxic inorganic acids under sunlight.…”
The BiOI/NH2-MIL-125(Ti) composite photocatalyst with excellent photocatalytic performance was prepared by the solvothermal method. For the BiOI/NH2-MIL-125(Ti) (BNMT) system, the contents of NH2-MIL-125(Ti) in BNMT-4, BNMT-5, BNMT-7, BNMT-9, and BNMT-10 were 4 wt %, 5 wt %, 7 wt %, 9 wt %, and 10 wt %, respectively. XRD, XPS, SEM, and TEM characterizations indicated that BiOI/NH2-MIL-125(Ti) was successfully prepared. Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra photoelectrochemical analysis indicated that BNMT-9 can make the specific surface area and photo absorption region larger than BiOI. In addition, the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers was improved, and the recombination efficiency was reduced. The degradation percentages of Rhodamine B (RhB) and p-chlorophenol (P-CP) reached 99% and 90% over BNMT-9 under visible light irradiation. Additionally, the catalysts had high stability. The results of the active spices trapping experiments test indicated that h+ was the main active species. The possible degradation mechanism was proposed.
“…Liu et al 36 reported that during the seed germination the carbohydrates, proteins and cell wall conjugated-phenolic compounds are degraded and lead to increase the simple sugars, free amino acids and free/soluble phenolic compounds. This examination could clarify the increase of total phenolic and flavonoid contents in mustard sprouts.The decline in the total phenolic content of mustard sprouts after 5 days of germination may be attributed to convert of some free phenolic compounds to bound phenolic compounds and/or they consumed in lignin synthesis 37 – 40 .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The PPO, CAT and POD catalyzed the oxidation and generation of phenolic compounds and consumption of H 2 O 2 51 – 54 .The highest activity of POD on 5-days sprouts indicated a high correlation between this enzyme and the highest phenolic and flavonoid levels on the same day. The POD is critical in the polymerization of mono- and di-phenols for the formation of polyphenols/phenolics and the activation of antioxidants during the germination process 40 .This may explain the association between the increase in POD enzyme activity and the increase in the concentration of polyphenols in 5-days mustard sprouts. Similarly, the phenolic content of green gram sprouts was associated with an increase in POD activity 55 .…”
The current study aimed to assess the effect of the germination process of wild mustard seeds on the phenolic profile, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic properties, and some relevant enzyme activities. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents increased 5- and 10-fold, respectively, and were maximized on 5-days sprouts. One new phenolic compound was identified on 5-days sprout extract using HPLC. The concentrations of the identified phenolic compounds increased 1.5–4.3 folds on 5-days sprouts compared with dry seeds. The total antioxidant activity multiplied 17- and 21-fold on 5-days sprouts using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays, respectively. The activity of carbohydrate-cleaving, phenolic-synthesizing and antioxidant enzymes also increased during germination. On 5-days sprouts, there was a substantial correlation between the highest β-glucosidase and peroxidase activities with highest phenolic and flavonoid levels and maximum antioxidant activity. The phenolic extract of 5-days sprouts exhibited antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and showed potent antidiabetic activity established by its inhibitory effect against α-amylase and α-glucosidase compared to dry seeds.
“…Similarly, increasing Hg accumulation in garden cress shoots was correlated with an increase in POD activity and changes in total carotenoid content 19 . Furthermore, POD participates in the polymerization of phenolic compounds for lignin synthesis to build a barrier that protects against toxic metal ions 49 . Figure 1 Effect of Cd and Pb at different concentrations (25-150 mg kg −1 ) on the activities of the antioxidant enzymes: ( A ) POD, ( B ) CAT, ( C ) GST, and ( D ) GR of GCS.…”
Based on garden cress significantly used for phytoremediation, the antioxidant system included antioxidant-phenolic compounds and antioxidant-enzymes of 6-day-garden cress sprouts (GCS) were assessed as potential bio-indicators for cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) contamination. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of GCS germinated under Cd and Pb treatments (25–150 mg kg−1) gradually increased with increasing concentration of metals and peaked by 2.0, 2.6, and 2.5, 2.3 folds at 150 mg kg−1, respectively. By using DPPH, ABTS, and PMC antioxidant assays, the total antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds of GCS increased 6.1, 13.0, and 5.8-fold for Cd and 5.9, 14.6, and 8.2-fold for Pb at 150 mg kg−1, respectively. The antioxidant enzymes of GCS (POD, CAT, GR, and GST) were significantly activated in response to Cd and Pb stress, and two new electrophoretic POD bands were detected. GCS was absorbed 19.0% and 21.3% of Cd and Pb at 150 mg metal kg−1, respectively. In conclusion, the approaches of the antioxidant defense system of GSC could potentially be used as bio-indicator for monitoring Cd and Pb contamination in a short time of germination process.
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