Purification and Properties of a Novel Sulfatase from<i>Pseudomonas testosteroni</i>That Hydrolyzed 3β-Hydroxy-5-cholenoic Acid 3-Sulfate

Tazuke, Yasuhiko; Matsuda, Kumiko; Adachi, Kenichi; Tsukada, Yoji

doi:10.1271/bbb.62.1739

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, the bacterial enzymes responsible for these esterification reactions are unknown. Finally, gut microorganisms can remove sulfate from either 3α or 3β-sulfated bile acids, and this sulfatase activity has been seen in Clostridium , Peptococcus , Fusobacterium , and Pseudomonas 154 . Collectively, through deconjugation, oxidation, epimerization, 7α/7β dehydoxylation, esterification and desulfation gut microorganisms chemically diversify the bile acid pool, and then the secondary bile acids can enter the portal circulation to functions as endocrine-like signaling molecules with potent effects on host physiology and disease.…”

Section: Microbial Metabolites In Cvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial modulation of cardiovascular disease

2018

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Although diet has long been known to contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD), research over the past decade has revealed an unexpected interplay between nutrient intake, gut microbial metabolism and the host to modify the risk of developing CVD. Microbial-associated molecular patterns are sensed by host pattern recognition receptors and have been suggested to drive CVD pathogenesis. In addition, the host microbiota produces various metabolites, such as trimethylamine-N-oxide, short chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids, that affect CVD pathogenesis. These recent advances support the notion that targeting the interactions between the host and microorganisms may hold promise for the prevention or treatment of CVD. In this Review, we summarize our current knowledge of the gut microbial mechanisms that drive CVD, with special emphasis on therapeutic interventions, and we highlight the need to establish causal links between microbial pathways and CVD pathogenesis

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Section: Microbial Metabolites In Cvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial modulation of cardiovascular disease

2018

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“…This activity requires a 3α- or 3β-sulfo group (bile acids sulfated at other positions are not desulfated), and a free C24 or C26 carboxyl group. Up to date, enzymes catalyzing the reaction have only been purified from Pseudomonas testosteroni [ 43 ].…”

Section: Metabolism Of Bile Acids By the Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism of Cholesterol and Bile Acids by the Gut Microbiota

2013

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The human gastro-intestinal tract hosts a complex and diverse microbial community, whose collective genetic coding capacity vastly exceeds that of the human genome. As a consequence, the gut microbiota produces metabolites from a large range of molecules that host's enzymes are not able to convert. Among these molecules, two main classes of steroids, cholesterol and bile acids, denote two different examples of bacterial metabolism in the gut. Therefore, cholesterol is mainly converted into coprostanol, a non absorbable sterol which is excreted in the feces. Moreover, this conversion occurs in a part of the human population only. Conversely, the primary bile acids (cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids) are converted to over twenty different secondary bile acid metabolites by the gut microbiota. The main bile salt conversions, which appear in the gut of the whole human population, include deconjugation, oxidation and epimerization of hydroxyl groups at C3, C7 and C12, 7-dehydroxylation, esterification and desulfatation. If the metabolisms of cholesterol and bile acids by the gut microbiota are known for decades, their consequences on human health and disease are poorly understood and only start to be considered.

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“…One can speculate that the sulfatase is involved only in release of the sulfur, whereas the carbon-based degradation of the steroid skeleton was carried out by a separate system, leaving the sulfate ester bond intact. A second, biochemically similar sulfatase has recently been isolated from the same organism [167], but sequence data have not yet been reported.…”

Section: Alkylsulfatasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Riding the sulfur cycle – metabolism of sulfonates and sulfate esters in Gram-negative bacteria

2000

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Sulfonates and sulfate esters are widespread in nature, and make up over 95% of the sulfur content of most aerobic soils. Many microorganisms can use sulfonates and sulfate esters as a source of sulfur for growth, even when they are unable to metabolize the carbon skeleton of the compounds. In these organisms, expression of sulfatases and sulfonatases is repressed in the presence of sulfate, in a process mediated by the LysR-type regulator protein CysB, and the corresponding genes therefore constitute an extension of the cys regulon. Additional regulator proteins required for sulfonate desulfonation have been identified in Escherichia coli (the Cbl protein) and Pseudomonas putida (the AsfR protein). Desulfonation of aromatic and aliphatic sulfonates as sulfur sources by aerobic bacteria is oxygendependent, carried out by the K-ketoglutarate-dependent taurine dioxygenase, or by one of several FMNH 2 -dependent monooxygenases. Desulfurization of condensed thiophenes is also FMNH 2 -dependent, both in the rhodococci and in two Gram-negative species. Bacterial utilization of aromatic sulfate esters is catalyzed by arylsulfatases, most of which are related to human lysosomal sulfatases and contain an active-site formylglycine group that is generated post-translationally. Sulfate-regulated alkylsulfatases, by contrast, are less well characterized. Our increasing knowledge of the sulfur-regulated metabolism of organosulfur compounds suggests applications in practical fields such as biodesulfurization, bioremediation, and optimization of crop sulfur nutrition. ß

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Purification and Properties of a Novel Sulfatase fromPseudomonas testosteroniThat Hydrolyzed 3β-Hydroxy-5-cholenoic Acid 3-Sulfate

Cited by 16 publications

References 11 publications

Microbial modulation of cardiovascular disease

Microbial modulation of cardiovascular disease

Metabolism of Cholesterol and Bile Acids by the Gut Microbiota

Riding the sulfur cycle – metabolism of sulfonates and sulfate esters in Gram-negative bacteria

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