Purification, characterization, and antifungal activity of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> strain NK91 chitinase from rhizospheric soil samples of Himachal Pradesh, India

Thakur, Nirja; Nath, Amit; Chauhan, Anjali; Gupta, Rakesh Kumar

doi:10.1002/bab.2250

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Differences in these optimum temperature activity responses between soils may be due to differences in microbial composition (and thus microbialproduced chitinase isozymes) between soils. Optimum temperatures varying between 40 and 60 • C have been recorded for chitinases (partially) purified from soil microorganisms (Gao et al, 2008;Alster et al, 2016;Du et al, 2021;Thakur et al, 2021). Additionally, soil-type-dependent stabilization of enzyme structure against thermal denaturation through interaction with soil surfaces might also mediate differential temperature responses (Sarkar et al, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential temperature sensitivity of intracellular metabolic processes and extracellular soil enzyme activities

et al. 2023

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Abstract. Predictions concerning the feedback of soil heterotrophic respiration to a warming climate often do not differentiate between the extracellular and intracellular steps involved in soil organic matter decomposition. This study examined the temperature sensitivities of intracellular metabolic processes and extracellular soil enzyme activities and how they are influenced by previous temperatures. We pre-incubated soils at 5, 15, or 26 ∘C to acclimatize the microbial communities to different thermal regimes for 60 d before measuring potential activities of β-glucosidase and chitinase (extracellular enzymes), glucose-induced respiration (intracellular metabolic processes), and basal respiration at a range of assay temperatures (5, 15, 26, 37, and 45 ∘C). A higher pre-incubation temperature decreased the soil pH and C/N ratio and decreased β-glucosidase potential activity and respiration but not chitinase potential activity. It is likely that this legacy effect on β-glucosidase and respiration is an indirect effect of substrate depletion rather than physiological acclimatation or genetic adaptation. Pre-incubation temperature effects on temperature sensitivity were subtle and restricted to extracellular activities, perhaps because of the short (60 d) duration of the pre-incubation at temperatures that were below the initial optimum (∼ 30 ∘C) for the mesophilic soil community. However, we found that the intracellular and extracellular steps differ in their temperature sensitivity, and this observation differs depending on the range of temperature used for Q10 estimates of temperature sensitivity. Between 5 and 15 ∘C intracellular and extracellular processes show equal temperature sensitivity, but between 15 and 26 ∘C intracellular metabolic processes were more temperature sensitive than extracellular enzyme activity, and between 26 and 37 ∘C extracellular enzyme activity was more temperature sensitive than intracellular metabolic processes. This result implies that depolymerization of higher molecular weight carbon is more sensitive to temperature changes at higher temperatures (e.g. higher temperatures on extremely warm days), but the respiration of the generated monomers is more sensitive to temperature changes at moderate temperatures (e.g. mean daily maximum soil temperature). However, studies using multiple soil types and a greater range of pre-incubation temperatures are required to generalize our results. Nevertheless, since climate change predictions currently indicate that there will be a greater frequency and severity of hot summers and heatwaves, it is possible that global warming may reduce the importance of extracellular depolymerization relative to intracellular metabolic processes as the rate-limiting step of soil organic matter mineralization. We conclude that extracellular and intracellular steps are not equally sensitive to changes in soil temperature and that the previous temperature a soil is exposed to may influence the potential activity, but not temperature sensitivity, of extracellular and intracellular processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential temperature sensitivity of intracellular metabolic processes and extracellular soil enzyme activities

et al. 2023

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“…Thakur et al [5] also showed that, after incubation together, antifungal activity of B. cereus strain NK91 chitinase was determined against F. oxysporum, R. solani, and C. gloeosporioides. All the results of those studies conclude that, because of the differences of the chemical structures of the fungal chitins, chitinolytic activities also varies as a result of the subsite structure in the enzyme binding cleft.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thakur et al, [5] purify and characterize extracellular chitinase from B. cereus NK91 and then to test the partially puri ed enzyme for its antifungal activity against some phytopathogens. They add different concentrations of partially puri ed chitinase into warm molten PDA and after solidi ed, 5-day old agar mycelial plugs of fungi were plated on enzyme-including media.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of in vitro Antifungal Activity Methods Using Extract of Chitinase-producing Aeromonas sp. BHC02

Cadirci

Yilmaz

2023

Protein J

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Biological control to prevent fungal plant diseases offers and alternative approach to faciliate sustainable agriculture. Since inhibition of chitinolytic fungal cell walls synthesis is a target for antifungal agents, chitinases are one of the biocontrol agents. This study, it was aimed to investigate isolating a new bacterium from uvial soil as a chitinase source and the antifungal activity of the characterized chitinase. During planning the in vitro antifungal activity, three common methods were preferred and compared. The bacterium with the highest chitinase activity was identi ed as Aeromanas caviae by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Following the determination of the optimum enzyme production time, the enzyme was partially puri ed, and the physicochemical parameters of the enzyme were investigated. It was determined that the partially puri ed chitinase showed antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata, Fusarium solani, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium sp. This study also conclude that the results of the antifungal activities depend on the method used. And all fungal chitins cannot be degraded with a chitinase. Depending on the variety of chitin, some fungi can be more resistant. In this context, it is necessary to conduct a detailed study on the chitins in the cell wall of the fungi.

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“…Differences in these optimum temperature-activity responses between soils may be due to differences in microbial composition (and thus microbial-produced chitinase isozymes) between soils. Optimum temperatures varying between 40 °C and 60 °C have been recorded for chitinases (partially) purified from soil microorganisms (Gao et al, 2008;Alster et al, 2016;Du et al, 2021;Thakur et al, 2021). Additionally, soil-type dependent stabilization of enzyme structure against thermal denaturation through interaction with soil surfaces might also mediate differential temperature responses (Sarkar et al, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Temperature Sensitivity of Intracellular and Extracellular Soil Enzyme Activities

Adekanmbi

Dale²,

Shaw³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. Predictions concerning the feedback of soil heterotrophic respiration to a warming climate often do not differentiate between the extracellular and intracellular processes involved in soil organic matter decomposition. This study examined the temperature sensitivities of intracellular and extracellular soil enzyme activities and how they are influenced by previous temperatures. We pre-incubated soils at 5 °C, 15 °C or 26 °C to acclimatise the microbial communities to different thermal regimes for 60 days before measuring potential activities of β-glucosidase and chitinase (extracellular enzymes), glucose-induced respiration (intracellular enzymes), and basal respiration at a range of assay temperatures (5 °C, 15 °C, 26 °C, 37 °C, and 45 °C). A higher pre-incubation temperature decreased soil pH and C / N ratio which exerted a strong legacy effect by decreasing β-glucosidase potential activity and respiration, but not chitinase potential activity. It is likely that this legacy effect is an indirect effect of substrate depletion rather than physiological acclimatation or genetic adaptation. There was no overall significant effect of pre-incubation temperature on temperature sensitivity of these enzymes, perhaps because of the short (60 day) duration of the pre-incubation. However, we found that the intracellular and extracellular enzyme activities differ in their temperature sensitivity and this observation differs depending on the range of temperature used for Q10 estimates of temperature sensitivity. Between 5 °C and 15 °C intracellular and extracellular enzyme activities show equal temperature sensitivity, but between 15 °C and 26 °C intracellular enzyme activity was more temperature sensitive than extracellular enzyme activity and between 26 °C and 37 °C extracellular enzyme activity was more temperature sensitive than intracellular enzyme activity. This result implies that depolymerisation of higher molecular weight carbon is more sensitive to temperature changes at higher temperatures (e.g. higher temperatures on extremely warm days) but the respiration of the generated monomers is more sensitive to temperature changes at moderate temperatures (e.g. mean daily maximum soil temperature). Therefore, since climate change predictions currently indicate that there will be a greater frequency and severity of hot summers and heatwaves, it is possible that global warming may reduce the importance of extracellular depolymerisation relative to intracellular catalytic activity as the rate limiting step of soil organic matter mineralization. We conclude that extracellular and intracellular steps are not equally sensitive to changes in soil temperature and that the previous temperature a soil is exposed to may influence the potential activity, but not temperature sensitivity, of extracellular and intracellular enzymes.

show abstract

Purification, characterization, and antifungal activity of Bacillus cereus strain NK91 chitinase from rhizospheric soil samples of Himachal Pradesh, India

Cited by 13 publications

References 60 publications

Differential temperature sensitivity of intracellular metabolic processes and extracellular soil enzyme activities

Differential temperature sensitivity of intracellular metabolic processes and extracellular soil enzyme activities

Comparison of in vitro Antifungal Activity Methods Using Extract of Chitinase-producing Aeromonas sp. BHC02

Differential Temperature Sensitivity of Intracellular and Extracellular Soil Enzyme Activities

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