The structural and electron-transfer properties of cytochrome c (Cyt c) Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) films
have been studied on graphite electrode with tapping mode atomic force microscopy and cyclic voltammetry
(CV). Cyt c in the LB films forms an ordered monolayer in which the individual proteins pack into a
quasi-hexagonal structure. The monolayer undergoes a reversible electron-transfer reaction in phosphate
buffer. The interactions of Cyt c with cardiolipin (CL) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) LB films have been
studied. The LB films of CL and PC are both ordered on graphite, but their interactions with Cyt c are
quite different. On a CL monolayer, Cyt c adsorbs spontaneously and the adsorbed protein preserves the
electron-transfer reaction. However, on a PC monolayer, Cyt c does not adsorb.