Purification of High Free Fatty Acid Crude Palm Oil Using Molecular Distillation

Japir, Abd Al-Wali; Salimon, Jumat; Derawi, Darfizzi; Bahadi, Murad; Yusop, Muhammad Rahimi

doi:10.14233/ajchem.2016.20095

Cited by 16 publications

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“…Then, the upper layer was collected and dried overnight over anhydrous sodium sulphate. Finally, 1 mL was injected manually into a GC-FID (Japir et al, 2016a).…”

Section: Preparation Of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (Fame)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to improve the purity of palmitic acid in saturated fraction and oleic acid in unsaturated fraction, molecular distillation could be applied to purify SFAs fraction to form 99.9% palmitic acid, and purify USFAs fraction to form 99.9% oleic acid due to higher percentage of these fatty acids in PFAM. Yet, molecular distillation cannot be applied to separate PFAM due to closeness of their boiling points (Japir et al, 2016a). However, molecular distillation could be applied to purify palmitic acid after separating lauric, myristic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids from the mixture using methanol crystallization and to produce palmitic acid 90%.…”

Section: Separation Of Saturated Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A highly efficient separation and physicochemical characteristics of saturated fatty acids from crude palm oil fatty acids mixture using methanol crystallisation method

Japir

Salimon

Derawi

et al. 2018

OCL

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-The objective of the current study was to separate saturated fatty acids (SFAs) from high free fatty acid crude palm oil fatty acid mixture using the methanol crystallisation method. The development of methanol crystallisation method procedure was based on various parameters. The fatty acid composition was determined by using gas chromatography-flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters. The highest percentage of SFAs was more than 89% with the percentage yield of 48.9% under the optimal conditions of the fatty acids-to-methanol ratio of 1:15 (w/v), the crystallisation temperature of À15°C, and the crystallisation time of 24 hours, respectively. After a double crystallisation, the composition of separated SFAs contains 90% of palmitic acid (C 16:0 ) as a major component and 5.8% of stearic acid (C 18:0 ), respectively. Moreover, almost 4.2% of oleic acid (C 18:1 ) was observed in the saturated solid product. Based on the results, the use of methanol as a crystallisation solvent is recommended because of its high efficiency, low cost, stability, obtainability, and comparative ease of recovery.Keywords: high free fatty acid crude palm oil / saturated fatty acids / palmitic acid / methanol crystallisation Résumé -Une haute efficacité de séparation et caractéristiques physico-chimique des acides gras saturés à partir d'un mélange d'huile de palme et acides gras,en utilisant la méthode de cristallisation par méthanol. L'objectif de cette étude était de séparer l'acides gras saturés provenant du mélange huile de palme et acides gras, en utilisant la méthode de cristallisation par méthanol. La procédure de développement de la méthode de cristallisation par méthanol dépend de plusieurs paramètres. La composition de l'acide gras est déterminée par la chromatographie à gaz et par détecteur de flame d'ionisation (GC-FID), sous la forme de méthyle esters d'acide gras. Le haut pourcentage de l'acide gras saturés est de 89 % avec un rapport 48,9 % sous la condition optimale de l'acide gras/méthanol ratio de 1/15 (poids/volume). La température et le temps de cristallisation sont respectivement de À15°C et 24 h. Après une double cristallisation, la composition de l'acide gras saturés (SFAs) contient 90 % de l'acide palmic (C16:0) composé majeur et 5,8 % de l'acide stéarique (C18:0), également une portion de 4,2 % de l'acide oleifique a été observée dans le produit solide saturé. En se basant sur les résultats, l'utilisation de méthanol comme solvant de cristallisation est recommandable parce qu'il est hautement efficace, moins cher, stable, disponible et une facilité comparative de récupération.Mots clés : haute disponibilité de l'acide gras / l'huile de palme brute / acides gras saturés / acide palmic / cristallisation par méthanol *Correspondence: rahimi@ukm.edu.my OCL 2018, 25(2), A203

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“…Then, the upper layer was collected and dried overnight over anhydrous sodium sulphate. Finally, 1 mL was injected manually into a GC-FID (Japir et al, 2016a).…”

Section: Preparation Of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (Fame)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Separation Of Saturated Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A highly efficient separation and physicochemical characteristics of saturated fatty acids from crude palm oil fatty acids mixture using methanol crystallisation method

Japir

Salimon

Derawi

et al. 2018

OCL

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“…The upper FAME layer was carefully decanted. While, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) with acid-catalyzed esterification for CPFAMs was prepared [20]. The CPFAMs (2 g) was dissolved in 1 mL of toluene followed by the addition of 7.5 mL methanol and 1.5 ml of the reagent solution (2.5 mL HCl, 37 % diluted with 10 mL methanol).…”

Section: Preparation Of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (Fame)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Low-Temperature Methanol Crystallization for Unsaturated Fatty Acids Separation from Crude Palm Fatty Acids Mixture Using Response Surface Methodology

Bahadi

Yusoff²,

Salimon³

et al. 2019

Asian J. Chem.

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This current work studies the separation of unsaturated fatty acids from crude palm fatty acids mixture by methanol crystallization. Separation conditions of unsaturated fatty acid were optimized through the adoption of the response surface method and the optimal model was developed. The percentages of unsaturated fatty acids recovered under the optimal condition were higher than 95 ± 0.3 % with the yield of product percentage 55.2 ± 0.8 %. The optimized condition comprised of three essential aspects methanol-to-fatty acids ratio of 15:1 (mL:g), crystallization temperature of −15 ºC and crystallization time of 20.8 h, respectively. The unsaturated fatty acids composition isolated from crude palm fatty acids mixture consisted of 76.3 % oleic acid (C18:1), 18.3 % linoleic acid (18:2) and 0.2 % linolenic acid (C18:3). Only 4.9 ± 0.3 % of saturated fatty acids was discovered in the product. The iodine value of separated unsaturated fatty acids had increased from 54.0 ± 0.1 mg/g to 94.4 ± 0.2 mg/g. The results have demonstrated that low-temperature methanol crystallization is very active, low cost, stable and obtainable, and comparatively ease to recover for the separation of unsaturated fatty acids from an oil mixture of fatty acids.

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“…Then, the upper layer was separated and dried using anhydrous sodium sulphate Na 2 SO 4 overnight. Thus, hexane was recovered under reduced pressure by using a vacuum rotary evaporator at 35 °C (Japir et al, 2016;Japir et al, 2017).…”

Section: Preparation Of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (Fame)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The oven temperature was maintained at 120 °C, and it was increased to 245 °C and held for 15 min at a rate of 3 °C per minute for 56.6 min of analysis. The FAME peaks were classified and quantified by comparing their peak areas and retention times with that of pure standard FAME (Japir et al, 2016).…”

Section: Gc-fid Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of methanol crystallization for highly efficient separation of palmitic acid from palm fatty acid mixture using response surface methodology

Japir

Salimon²,

Derawi³

et al. 2018

Grasas y Aceites

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SUMMARY:The objective of the current study was to develop parameters for the separation of palmitic acid (PA) from a crude palm oil saturated fatty acid (SFAs) mixture by using the methanol crystallization method. The conditions of methanol crystallization were optimized by the response surface methodology (RSM) with the D-optimal design. The procedure of developing the solvent crystallization method was based on various different parameters. The fatty acid composition was carried out using a gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC-FID) as fatty acid methyl esters. The highest percentage of SFAs was more than 96% with the percentage yield of 87.5% under the optimal conditions of fatty acids-to-methanol ratio of 1: 20 (w/v), the crystallization temperature of -15 °C, and the crystallization time of 24 hours, respectively. The composition of separated SFAs in the solid fraction contains 96.7% of palmitic acid (C 16:0 ) as a dominant component and 3.3% of stearic acid (C 18:0 ). The results showed that utilizing methanol as a crystallization solvent is recommended because of its high efficiency, low cost, stability, availability, comparative ease of recovery and its ability to form needle-like crystals which have good filtering and washing characteristics. KEYWORDS: Biodiesel; D-optimal design; Methanol crystallization; Palmitic acid; Response surface methodology (RSM)RESUMEN: Optimización de la cristalización con metanol para una separación altamente eficiente del ácido palmítico en mezclas de ácidos grasos de palma usando metodología de superficie de respuesta. El objetivo del presente estudio fue desarrollar parámetros para la separación de ácido palmítico (PA) en mezclas de ácidos grasos saturados (SFAs) de aceites de palma crudo mediante el método de cristalización con metanol. Las condiciones de cristalización con metanol se optimizaron utilizando la metodología de superficie de respuesta (RSM) con el diseño D-Optimal. El procedimiento de desarrollo del método de cristalización con disolvente se basó en diversos parámetros diferentes. La composición de ácidos grasos se llevó a cabo por cromatografía de gases (GC-FID) como ésteres metílicos de ácidos grasos usando un detector de ionización de llama. El porcentaje más alto de SFAs fue mayor del 96% con un rendimiento porcentual de 87,5% bajo las condiciones óptimas de relación de ácidos grasos:metanol de 1:20 (p/v), una temperatura de cristalización de -15ºC y un tiempo de cristalización de 24 horas. La composición de la fracción de SFAs separada en fracción sólida contiene 96,7% de ácido palmítico (C16:0) como principal componente y 3,3% de ácido esteárico (C18:0). Los resultados mostraron recomendar metanol como disolvente de cristalización debido a su alta eficiencia, bajo coste, estabilidad, disponibilidad, facilidad comparativa de recuperación y su capacidad para formar cristales de aguja que tienen buenas características de filtración y lavado. Citation/Cómo citar este artículo: Japir AAW, Salimon J, Derawi D, Yahaya BH, Jamil MSM, Yusop MR. 2107...

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Purification of High Free Fatty Acid Crude Palm Oil Using Molecular Distillation

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

A highly efficient separation and physicochemical characteristics of saturated fatty acids from crude palm oil fatty acids mixture using methanol crystallisation method

A highly efficient separation and physicochemical characteristics of saturated fatty acids from crude palm oil fatty acids mixture using methanol crystallisation method

Optimization of Low-Temperature Methanol Crystallization for Unsaturated Fatty Acids Separation from Crude Palm Fatty Acids Mixture Using Response Surface Methodology

Optimization of methanol crystallization for highly efficient separation of palmitic acid from palm fatty acid mixture using response surface methodology

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