Purification of water containing heavy metals by chelating-enhanced ultrafiltration

Application of the hybrid complexation–ultrafiltration process for metal ion removal from aqueous solutions

“…In order to treat better these streams, one of the most promising methods is the complexation-ultrafiltration process by the addition of watersoluble polymers in the wastewaters [1][2][3]. This process is based on the principles that the polymers with a larger molecular weight than molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of ultrafiltration membranes, such as polyethyleneimine [4,5], poly(acrylic acid) [1] and poly(vinyl alcohol) [6] etc. can bind heavy metal ions to form macromolecular complexes.…”

Metal ion extraction in microheterogeneous systems

“…Neither the structure nor the aggregation state of those molecules is clearly stated. In some cases also, interaction with metal ions is studied with polyelectrolytes [2][3][4] exhibiting no particular hydrophobic microscopic domains, the status of the macromolecule (coiled or uncoiled) not being clearly stated. This review will only take into account partially hydrophobic polymer covalently grafted with complexing functions.…”

Fuzzy modeling and simulation for lead removal using micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF)

“…However, industries are looking for competing alternative technologies which may overcome some of the inherent disadvantages of these methods [8]. Membrane separation processes of different types of membranes show great promises for commercial application [9][10][11][12][13]. However, both RO and NF processes use relatively "dense" Abbreviations: ARE, average relative error; AARE, absolute average relative error; SD, standard deviation; MEUF, micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration; CMC, critical micellar concentration; FL, fuzzy logic; FIS, fuzzy inference system; RSM, response surface methodology; BBD, Box-Behnken design; MFs, Gaussian membership functions; TMP, transmembrane pressure (bar).…”