Purified polysaccharides of Geoffroea spinosa barks have anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities devoid of hemorrhagic risks

Abstract

Polysaccharides were extracted from the barks of Geoffroea spinosa, purified using anion exchange chromatography and characterized by chemical and methylation analysis, complemented by infrared and NMR spectroscopies. These polysaccharides were tested for their anticoagulant, antithrombotic and antiplatelet activities and also for their effects on bleeding. Unfractionated polysaccharide contains low levels of protein and high levels of carbohydrate (including hexuronic acid). The purified polysaccharides (fractions FII and FIII) are composed of arabinose (Ara), rhamnose (Rha), hexuronic acid, small amounts of galactose, but no sulfate ester. They have highly complex structure, which was partially characterized. NMR and methylation analysis indicate that the polysaccharides have a core of α-Rhap and branches of 5-linked α-Araf. Residues of 4-linked α-GalpA are also found in the structure. The unfractionated (TPL) and fraction FIII, but not fractions FI and FII, prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). TPL, FII and FIII inhibited the platelet aggregation induced by ADP. More significantly, both unfractionated and purified fractions exhibited potent antithrombotic effect (31-60%) and the fractions did not modify the bleeding tendency. These plant polysaccharides could be alternative source of new anticoagulant, antiplatelet and antithrombotic compounds devoid of the undesirable risk of hemorrhage.

Effect of Content of Sulfate Groups in Seaweed Polysaccharides on Antioxidant Activity and Repair Effect of Subcellular Organelles in Injured HK‐2 Cells

“…Sulfated seaweed polysaccharides exhibit antioxidant activities, which are closely related to their physicochemical properties, such as molecular weight, −OSO 3 H content, and polyphenol content [5–8]. For example, Wang et al [7] extracted three components from Laminaria japonica (F1, F2, and F3) with sulfate contents of 23.30%, 36.41%, and 36.67%, respectively, and their ability of scavenging superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, chelating ability, and reducing power all decreased in the order of F3 > F2 > F1, which suggested that sulfate content was positively related with the bioactivities of a polysaccharide.…”

Characterization and bioactivities of polysaccharide from spentHovenia dulcispeduncles by alkali pretreatment

“…[30] In the 13 C spectrum (Fig.4B), the strong presence of carbon chemical shifts at δ 103.9 ppm was assigned to the anomeric carbon of 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ residue with a high proportion. [11,33] According to reference data set, [24,[34][35][36][37][38][39] the resonances at δ 104.9, 109.8, 105.7, to the methyl carbon of rhamnose residues. [40] The weak signal in the region at δ 179.39 ppm originated from C-6 of the unesterified galacturonic acid unit.…”

Sulfation, structural analysis, and anticoagulant bioactivity of ginger polysaccharides

“…Recently, venous thrombus has developed into a major disease threatening human public health all over the world, but there are few effective anticoagulant drugs available in the market (Souza et al., 2015). As a kind of natural or synthetic polysaccharides with hydroxyl groups replaced by sulfuric acid groups (Li, Chi, Yu, Jiang, & Liu, 2017), sulfated polysaccharides are more and more attractive to researchers due to the excellent pharmacological properties, such as anticoagulation, antiviral, and anti‐inflammatory activities (Yu et al., 2017).…”