Purinergic receptor expression and function in rat vagal sensory neurons innervating the stomach

Abstract

The nodose ganglion (NG) is the main parasympathetic ganglion conveying sensory signals to the CNS from numerous visceral organs including digestive signals such as gastric distension or the release the gastrointestinal peptides. The response characteristics of NG neurons to ATP and ADP and pharmacological interrogation of purinergic receptor subtypes have been previously investigated but often in NG cells of undetermined visceral origin. In this study, we confirmed the presence of P2X3 and P2Y1 receptors and characterized P2X and P2Y responses in gastric-innervating NG neurons. Application of ATP-evoked large inward currents and cytosolic Ca2+ increases in gastric-innervating NG neurons. Despite the expression of P2Y1 receptors, ADP elicited only minor modulation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Considering the sensitivity of NG neurons to comorbidities associated with disease or neural injury, purinergic modulation of gastric NG neurons in disease- or injury-states is worthy of further investigation.

Quercetin relaxes human gastric smooth muscles directly through ATP‐sensitive potassium channels and not depending on the nitric oxide pathway

“…On the other hand, in future research, the nitrergic component should be isolated from the purinergic component by more appropriate pharmacological tools that allow to distinguish between neurotransmission. 19,43 However, in the presence of glibenclamide, the relaxant effect of quercetin was significantly attenuated, confirming that ATPsensitive K + channels are positively modulated by quercetin to block L-type Ca 2+ -channels indirectly. Moreover, the lack of effect on gastric tone by glibenclamide alone might indicate a low activity of K + ATP channels under the carbachol-induced condition.…”

“…Nevertheless, relaxation of the examined strips does not occur directly through the effects of quercetin on BK Ca or SK Ca channels. On the other hand, in future research, the nitrergic component should be isolated from the purinergic component by more appropriate pharmacological tools that allow to distinguish between neurotransmission 19,43 …”

“…On the other hand, in future research, the nitrergic component should be isolated from the purinergic component by more appropriate pharmacological tools that allow to distinguish between neurotransmission. 19 , 43 …”

Pathophysiological Role of Purinergic P2X Receptors in Digestive System Diseases

“…Blanke and his team confirmed that P2X3R is expressed in NG neurons and is sensitized following Ca 2+ entry, thus causing neuroplastic changes within the NG neurons (Blanke et al, 2019). It has been found that when knockout of P2X3R gene slows the expansion of gastric vagal afferent nerve to stomach, FIGURE 1 | Expression and distribution of P2X receptor in digestive system.…”

Non-neuronal crosstalk promotes an inflammatory response in nodose ganglia cultures after exposure to byproducts from gram positive, high-fat-diet-associated gut bacteria

“…VAN have receptors for anorexigenic signals such as cholecystokinin (CCK) [8,9] and leptin [10,11], and orexigenic signals such as ghrelin [12] and endocannabinoids [13]. VAN also have receptors for ATP [14], bacterial byproducts (e.g. lipopolysaccharide, LPS) [15], and cytokines including interferon-γ (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α [16].…”