PV-Hybrid Off-Grid and Mini-Grid Systems for Rural Electrification in Sub-Saharan Africa

Rabetanetiarimanana, Jordy Charly Isidore; Radanielina, Mamy Harimisa; Rakotondramiarana, Hery Tiana

doi:10.4236/sgre.2018.910011

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Nigeria is Africa's most populous country and largest economy, as well as home to one of the world's largest energy deficits, not to mention being endowed with an abundant and diverse catalogue of RE resources and energy potential [11,26,38]. Given the significance of RETs in the fight to combat climate change and Nigeria's energy potential-particularly relating to solar power [39]-the country is well-positioned to play a key role in championing sustainability.…”

Section: Nigerian Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Factors Influencing Renewable Energy Diffusion in Commercial Buildings in Nigeria: A Grounded Theory Approach

2022

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The adoption and integration of renewable energy technologies (RETs) into buildings is key to making the necessary transition to low-carbon and resilient built environments. However, such technologies have struggled to gain a firm foothold in countries within the sub-Saharan African (SSA) region. This is particularly the case in Nigeria, which suffers from severe energy poverty, despite its significant RE and conventional energy potential. In Nigeria, a significant proportion of the energy demand for offices is provided by self-powered off-grid fossil-fuel generators. The country is also one of the primary settings for increased construction activity. This, combined with its susceptibility to the effects of climate change, presents significant concerns relating to the resilience of its built environment. However, there has not yet been a comprehensive empirical study addressing this, as previous studies have been limited in their insight and perspectives. This study adopted a grounded theory method (GTM) aligned with Charmaz’s approach, to gain in-depth participant-driven insights into factors influencing sustainable energy use in commercial buildings, focusing on solar photovoltaics (PVs). This led to the development of a theory of the sustainability transition process of construction professionals (CPs). It provides relevant, reliable, and relatable points of reference that would be beneficial to policymakers in developing plans for actionable interventions for PV and broader sustainable measures toward green energy transition. Furthermore, it highlights the value of employing GTMs in construction management research beyond the developing context. This paper contributes theoretically, empirically, and methodologically to facilitate a better understanding of the situations (context) grounded in empirical data.

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Section: Nigerian Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Factors Influencing Renewable Energy Diffusion in Commercial Buildings in Nigeria: A Grounded Theory Approach

2022

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“…is the average irradiation of the study area and is the total correction factor for the PV arrays The total watt-peak for the PV panel capacity needed was determined using Equation ( 7). (7) where:…”

Section: Sizing Of Pv Arrays Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is an extreme electricity deficiency in Nigeria and the causes of this deficiency are related to financial, socio-political, and structural issues which lead to high energy losses and high billing from the power sector. These factors result in insufficient cash generation and poor power supply [6,7]. An estimated 60-70% of the country population does not have access to electricity; while only 10 % of rural households and 30-40% of the country's total population has access to electricity [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Off-Grid Hybrid Energy for Residential Buildings in Rural Areas: A Case Study of Arogbo Community in Ondo State

Akinola

Ephenus²,

Akinsade³

et al. 2022

JENRR

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This paper developed an off-grid hybrid energy system for residential buildings in rural areas. The Arogbo community in Ese-Odo Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria, was used as case study. Energy Audit of the selected residential buildings was carried out through the administration of structured questionnaires and oral interaction with occupants. Information obtained was used to evaluate the total power estimate and actual consumption over a period of 6 hours per day. The total energy demand for the study area based on the number of appliances used per day was estimated as 4981.684 kW. The energies required for three different categories of accommodation: [three-bedroom (Luxury), three-bedroom (Convenience) and room with parlour living apartment] in the area were estimated as 10.015 kWh, 3.216 kWh, and 1.736 kWh respectively. Their total photovoltaic (PV) energy system capacities were estimated as 13.53 kWh (16.91 kVA), 4.342 kWh (5 kVA), and 2.344 kWh (2.93 kVA) with power factor of 0.8 respectively. The PV solar modules for the three-bedroom (luxury), three-bedroom (convenience) and room with parlour living apartment were estimated as (3.38, 1.08 and 0.59) kW with installation areas of (31, 10 and 5.5) m2; and inverter rating of (6, 1 and 1) kVA were selected respectively. The deep cycle batteries selected were (4, 2 and 2) at 12 V of (150, 150 and100) AH. Electricity generator capacities selected were (6, 1 and 1) kVA respectively.

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“…To move along this path, existing sites with diesel generators can integrate PV into hybrid systems to offload diesel use. Previous research has considered off-grid hybrid energy systems and compare costs of several combinations such as (i) PV and diesel, (ii) PV, diesel and battery, (iii) PV, wind and diesel, as well as (iv) PV and batteries [9,11,15,23,24,26,[36][37][38]. The works of [9,15,24] consider hybrid energy systems of solar PV, diesel and battery for rural consumers in Northern Nigeria where hybrid COE range from 0.32 to 0.68 US$/kWh and diesel is only over 1.0 US$/kWh.…”

Section: Captive Power Generation and Solar Pv In Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, many of the previous research in this area focused on either residential or small commercial consumers in rural northern or southern part of Nigeria [9,23,24,39,41], while others on a mix of both residential and commercial [36]. There are also other studies that have considered hybrid systems for telecommunication operation sites [37,38,42].…”

Section: Captive Power Generation and Solar Pv In Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic viability of captive off-grid solar photovoltaic and diesel hybrid energy systems for the Nigerian private sector

Adesanya

Pearce

2019

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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It is well established that lack of both electric supply capacity and reliability weaken the Nigerian economy. Recently, the reduction in solar photovoltaic (PV) costs along with the technical potential to couple PV to hybrid battery and diesel generators provides Nigerian businesses with an opportunity to reduce operating costs while defecting from the grid. This study investigates the potential of using off-grid hybrid energy systems for private industries within and near Lagos state currently with relatively high daily electricity demands that are met with supply through captive diesel generation. The results based on simulations of six industry sector load profiles developed from surveys found solar PV and diesel hybrid energy systems are economically viable for a wide array of industries in the Nigerian private sector including real estate, education, banking, automobile, hospitality and production. Five of the six sectors had discounted payback times for the systems under a year and ROIs >100%. The results established that the levelized cost of electricity is lower for every sector analysed with inclusion of solar PV, lower still with coupling of batteries and more reliable than the current grid-provided electricity. Nigeria as a whole will also benefit from widespread adoption of solar hybrid systems, as it will assist the balance of trade by reducing refined petroleum imports. In conclusion, the results of this study make it clear that every scale of Nigerian businesses could increase profitability with the use of solar hybrid systems. Highlights• Nigerian private sector does not need to rely on expensive diesel fuel for energy needs• Using batteries in hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV) + diesel systems reduces LCOE• Solar PV adoption is economically viable, offering ROIs >100% for five subsectors• Results show high ROI and low discount payback for all -good indicators for lenders• Security of solar PV infrastructure and increase awareness are key to investment

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PV-Hybrid Off-Grid and Mini-Grid Systems for Rural Electrification in Sub-Saharan Africa

Cited by 14 publications

References 78 publications

Exploring Factors Influencing Renewable Energy Diffusion in Commercial Buildings in Nigeria: A Grounded Theory Approach

Exploring Factors Influencing Renewable Energy Diffusion in Commercial Buildings in Nigeria: A Grounded Theory Approach

Design of Off-Grid Hybrid Energy for Residential Buildings in Rural Areas: A Case Study of Arogbo Community in Ondo State

Economic viability of captive off-grid solar photovoltaic and diesel hybrid energy systems for the Nigerian private sector

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