PV-Wind-Diesel System for Energy Supply on Remote Area Applied for Telecommunication Towers in Comoros

Abstract

The Comoros is an archipelago in the Indian Ocean located in the Mozambique Channel between the African continent and Madagascar. Geographically Comoros is composed of four islands: Grande Comores, Anjouan, Mohéli and Mayotte (under French administration). Apart from Mayotte, the others three independent islands commonly known as the Union of the Comoros are suffering from energy stress since their independence year 1975 until nowadays. The energy supplied and distributed by the national electricity company, SONELEC produced by diesel engines, is not stable with so much load shedding all the time. This instability energy leads to a lack of a phone network in some telecommunications towers connected to grid. The majority of telecommunications towers are located in rural areas not connected to grid and running on diesel generators, which once again leads to a problem with the telecommunications network when diesel engines fail. The two competing companies which operate in the field of telecommunications in the Comoros, namely Comores Télécom, a national public company and Telma, the private one, are still unable to ensure the provision of the telecommunications network on a regular basis. This is why we propose in the present work, a sizing of hybrid system composed essentially of a diesel generator, a wind turbine and a photovoltaic solar system with storage in batteries for supplying telecommunications towers in order to permanently ensure the provision of the telecommunications network for the well-being of the population. Our future energy must be based on non-polluting energies with significant resources. Renewable energies are the best candidates but with intermittent production especially in rural areas not connected to the national electricity grid whose energy demand is more important to meet the needs of the population.

A review of renewable energy based power supply options for telecom towers

“…$ 0.506/kWh at a load of 83 kWh/day; $ 0.552/kWh at a load of 55 kWh/day; $ 0.839/kWh at a load of 22.7 kWh/day). A similar study was carried out by Maoulida et al (2021) specific to Comoros and they suggested that all the renewable energy combinations are better LCOE over DG and battery based solution. Kaur et al (2020) have studied the application of renewable energy-based DC microgrid for powering telecom towers in remote areas.…”

Feasibility Study for a Hybrid Power Plant (PV-Wind-Diesel-Storage) Connected to the Electricity Grid

“…The cash flow is presented in Fig. 9 and we observe that, our system is cost effective because for 25 years there will be more loss that supplies fuel to the generator and a spare but the project will have a huge cost to the last year of its installation [10]. The replacement of material must take place from the 20 th of year of the project.…”

“…The choice of the site was based on the availability of meteorological data. So we give the diagrams below the annual evolution of the main climatic characteristics of the chosen site [10][11][12][13]: Fig. 2 representing the temperature is recorded from the month of August with a temperature of about 29°C.…”

Green Wireless Networks for Iraq: Transitioning Wireless Base Stations to Renewable Energy

“…Research conducted in Comoros revealed that a standalone system incorporating PV, wind energy, and BESS is the most economically efficient choice with minimal environmental consequences (no GHG emissions). However, the cost of battery storage still poses a challenge (Maoulida et al, 2021). (Bahgaat, 2023) which is a study conducted in Egypt using a stand-alone energy system with energy storage.…”