PVK/MWNT Electrodeposited Conjugated Polymer Network Nanocomposite Films

Abstract

The facile preparation of poly (N-vinyl carbazole) (PVK) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) solution and conjugated polymer network (CPN) nanocomposite film is described. The stable solutions of PVK/MWNT were prepared in mixed solvents by simple sonication method, which enabled successful deaggregation of the MWNTs with the polymer matrix. MWNT was most effectively dissolved in N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone (CHP) compared to other solvents like N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethyl formamide, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The composite solution was relatively stable for months with no observable precipitation of the MWNTs. Thermogravimmetric analysis (TGA) revealed the thermal stability of the nanocomposite while the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed an increasing melting (T(m)) and glass transition (T(g)) temperatures as the fraction of the MWNTs in the nanocomposite was increased. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) allowed the electrodeposition of the nanocomposite film on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates and subsequent cross-linking of the carbazole pendant group of the PVK to form CPN films. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), fluorescence, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) confirmed film composition while atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed its surface morphology. Four-point probe measurements revealed an increase in the electrical conductivity of the CPN nanocomposite film as the composition of the MWNTs was increased: 5.53 × 10(-4) (3% MWNTs), 0.53 (5%), and 1.79 S cm(-1) (7%). Finally, the interfacial charge transfer resistance and ion transport on the CPN nanocomposite film was analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with a measured real impedance value of ∼48.10 Ω for the 97% PVK and 3% MWNT ratio of the CPN nanocomposite film.

Synthesis and Anticorrosive Properties of Novel PVK-ZrO₂Nano Composite Coatings on Steel-Substrate

“…PVKZrO 2 composite IR spectrum is almost identical to that of the PVK with similar peaks with a slight shift in the stretching bands, which indicates that some interaction exists between PVK and nano-ZrO 2 . The main characteristic peaks of the PVK backbone are assigned as follows: 1222, 1450 and 1478 cm −1 are attributed to C-C stretching of the vinyl carbazole and vinylidene groups respectively [32,33]. The characteristic absorption band corresponding to ring vibration of NVC moiety was found to be 1448 cm −1 [33,34].…”

Nanocomposite Coatings: Preparation, Characterization, Properties, and Applications

“…By using the nanoindentation method for these epoxy nanocomposites [32], it was found that modification with nanoparticles did not always enhance the stiffness of the epoxy coatings. The presence of nano-SiO 2 in epoxy coatings increased Young's modulus up to 20 times, whereas nanoclay and nano-Fe 2 O 3 modified samples showed ∼30% and ∼25% decrease, relative to the unmodified epoxy coating, respectively.…”

“…For organic matrix, called polymer-based nanocomposite, the most used polymers for preparation of nanocomposite coating can be listed as follows: epoxy [2][3][4][5][6][7], polyurethane [8,9], Chitosan [10,11], polyethylene glycol (PEG) [12][13][14][15], polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) [16], PANi [17][18][19], PPy [20][21][22][23], polystyrene [24], polyamic acid and polyimide [25], rubber-modified polybenzoxazine (PBZ) [26], polymers containing reactive trimethoxysilyl (TMOS) [27], pullulan [28], fluoroacrylic polymer [29,30], ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) [31], polyacrylate [3], poly(N-vinyl carbazole) [32], polycarbonate [33], fluorinated polysiloxane [34], polyester [35], polyacrylic [36], polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) [37], polydimethylsiloxane [38], polyamide [39], and UV-curable polymers [40].…”

“…This method could be used for the fabrication of nanocomposite coatings, which contain organic nanofillers (such as PEO, PTFE [80,83,118]) or inorganic matrices [119][120][121][122][123] or organic matrices [19,22,32,78,124]. In the case of organic matrices, the electrochemical codeposition of nanocomposites has been reported by many researchers [123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141].…”

Orderly Ultrathin Films Based on Perylene/Poly(N‐vinyl carbazole) Assembled with Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets: 2D Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer and Reversible Fluorescence Response for Volatile Organic Compounds

“…The perylene content was investigated and it was found that the UTF with 1.5 wt% perylene (weight ratio of perylene/ PVK) gave strong blue luminescence (Supporting Information, Figure S1,S2). The assembly process of the (1.5 wt% perylene@PVK/LDH) n UTFs was monitored by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, which showed that the intensities of the absorption bands at about 234-296 and 345 nm (the π − π * and n − π * transitions for the carbazole group of PVK [ 14 ] ) increase linearly with the cycle number ( n ) ( Figure 1 A), indicating a stepwise and regular fi lm-growth process, which was also the case for the (PVK/LDH) n UTFs (Supporting Information, Figure S3a). In contrast, the UTFs-n show weak absorption peaks at 420 nm and 445 nm, originating from the π − π * transition of the fused ring of the perylene molecule [ 15 ] (Supporting Information, Figure S3b), which implies that the perylene has been encapsulated into the LDH interlayers by the PVK carrier.…”