PvulI and Xbal polymorphism of estrogen receptor-α and the results of estroprogestagen therapy in girls with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea – preliminary study

Sowińska­-Przepiera, Elżbieta; Syrenicz, Anhelli; Friebe, Zbigniew; Jarząbek-Bielecka, Grażyna; Chełstowski, Kornel

doi:10.5114/aoms.2012.31133

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Unhealthy lifestyles, including the prevalent use of stimulants, the absence of exercise and diets poor in calcium and magnesium, also contribute to the increased incidence of osteoporosis [ 1 – 4 ]. Postmenopausal women are at the highest risk of developing osteoporosis, since their bone mineral density is reduced as a result of a decrease in the oestrogen level [ 1 , 5 ]. The improving detection of osteopenia and osteoporosis is also associated with the increase in life expectancy and the increasing population of the elderly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the quality of life of postmenopausal osteoporotic and osteopenic women with or without fractures

Bączyk

Samborski

Jaracz

2016

aoms

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IntroductionMost studies concerned with the quality of life (QoL) of women with reduced bone mineral density (BMD) focus on patients with vertebral and non-vertebral fractures. Our objective was to evaluate QoL among patients with reduced BMD regardless of their fracture history compared to women with normal BMD.Material and methodsEighty-five patients in the study group were classified as osteoporotic, with BMD results measured by densitometry and expressed by T-score ≤ –2.5 SD, 122 women were osteopenic, with –2.5 < T-score ≤ –1.0 SD, and 97 subjects were assessed as normal, with T-score > –1.0 SD. Mean ages of women according to groups were 59.90, 57.67 and 55.68, respectively. Assessment of life quality was conducted using the Polish version of the QUALEFFO-41 scale.ResultsThe ratings in the assessment (QUALEFFO-41) of QoL were lower for osteoporotic and osteopenic women than for the normal BMD group with regard to pain (p = 0.006), social function (p = 0.001), health perception (p = 0.001), and mental function (p = 0.001). For total QUALEFFO-41 the associated factors were: secondary and higher education (OR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.29–0.82), self-perceived deformity of the back (OR = 4.09; 95% CI: 1.88–8.93), previous fractures (OR = 2.52; 95% CI: 1.09–5.82), reduced height (OR = 2.48; 95% CI: 1.13–5.39) and anxiety (OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.21–1.66).ConclusionsIt seems necessary to evaluate QoL of women with reduced BMD before fractures occur, to aid development of health education aiming to reduce the incidence of osteoporosis and prevent fractures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the quality of life of postmenopausal osteoporotic and osteopenic women with or without fractures

Bączyk

Samborski

Jaracz

2016

aoms

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“…1 ). Three were RCTs [ 20 – 22 ], two were prospective comparative studies [ 23 , 24 ], one was a retrospective comparative study [ 25 ], and three were prospective single-arm studies [ 26 – 29 ]. All of these studies evaluated hormonal therapy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies evaluated a variety of hormonal therapies: different combinations of oral contraceptive pills (ethinyl estradiol/desogestrel [ 20 ], ethinyl estradiol/cyproterone acetate [ 23 ], ethinyl estradiol/norethindrone [ 24 ], ethinyl estradiol/levonorgestrel [ 26 ], 17B-estradiol/dydrogesterone [ 27 , 28 ], ethinyl estradiol/norgestimate [ 29 ]); transdermal patches of conjugated estrogen or estriol with oral medroxyprogesterone acetate [ 25 ]; oral conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone [ 22 ]; and oral estriol, estradiol, and norethisterone acetate with calcium supplements [ 21 ]. The control groups received no treatment [ 20 , 21 , 23 , 25 ], calcium supplements [ 21 ], placebo [ 24 ], or placebo with calcium supplements [ 22 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Castelo-Branco et al reported that 24% of their sample was lost to follow-up [ 20 ]. Although the included observational studies were well performed in terms of quality and reducing bias, their observational nature puts them at a high risk for bias [ 23 – 29 ]. Detailed description of the quality indicators of each study are presented in Tables 2 and 3 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treatments to Prevent Bone Loss in Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Altayar

Nofal

Leon

et al. 2017

Journal of the Endocrine Society

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Objective:We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that evaluated the effect of hormonal therapy [estrogen therapy including oral contraceptive pills (OCP)] and bisphosphonates in preventing bone loss in patients with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA).Methods:We searched several electronic databases for controlled and noncontrolled studies that enrolled females of any age presenting with FHA (including athletic, weight loss, and stress-associated amenorrhea/oligomenorrhea) through 9 January 2017. The outcomes of interest were fractures and bone mineral density (BMD). Random effects meta-analysis was used to pool outcomes across studies expressed as weighted mean difference and 95% confidence interval (CI).Results:Nine studies reporting on 280 patients that received different hormonal therapies were included. We did not identify studies that evaluated bisphosphonates. Meta-analysis demonstrated a statistically significant increase in BMD of the lumbar spine in patients receiving hormonal therapy after a median follow-up of 12 months (weighted mean difference, 0.032 g/cm2; 95% CI, 0.017 to 0.047; percentage change in BMD, 3.30%; 95% CI, 1.74 to 4.86). There was no substantial effect of receiving hormonal therapy on BMD of the femoral neck, trochanteric region, Ward triangle, or total body BMD. The quality of evidence was low because of the high risk of bias, imprecision (small sample size), and indirectness (as BMD is a surrogate outcome). None of the studies reported the incidence of fractures.Conclusion:The current evidence does not support using hormonal therapy for the sole purpose of improving bone health in patients with FHA. There are no data about bisphosphonates in this population.

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“…As a result, the kind of relationship in cancerous tissues might be not obvious. Finally, DNA methylation occurs in early carcinogenesis [ 26 , 27 ]; therefore, the push power from methylation might decline during the tumor progression due to multiple uncontrollable factors. In our study, the rate of promoter 0N methylation in cancer tissues with maximum diameter < 3 cm was significantly higher than those > 3 cm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen receptor β promoter methylation: a potential indicator of malignant changes in breast cancer

Gao

et al. 2016

aoms

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IntroductionEstrogen receptor β (ERβ) always lacks expression in estrogen-dependent tumors, which may result from gene inactivation by methylation. In this study, we aimed to determine whether aberrant methylation of the ERβ promoter is associated with decreased ERβ gene expression in breast cancer.Material and methodsERβ methylation status was determined for 132 pairs of breast cancer and adjacent normal tissues via the MethyLight method. Additionally, mRNA relative expression was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to determine whether aberrant methylation had a negative correlation with expression. The correlation of ERβ promoter methylation and clinical parameters is also discussed.ResultsMethylation was observed in 96 (72.7%) breast cancer samples, and the median percentage of fully methylated reference (PMR) among methylated tissues was 0.83. Meanwhile, 94 (71.2%) adjacent normal tissues were methylated and the median PMR was 0.48. Compared to adjacent normal tissues, the methylation level of breast cancer was significantly higher (p < 0.001) and mRNA expression was much lower (p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between ERβ methylation and mRNA expression in adjacent normal breast tissues (p = 0.004). In addition, the methylation rate of cancer tissues whose maximum diameter < 3 cm was significantly higher than those > 3 cm (p = 0.025).ConclusionsERβ promoter methylation level varies between cancerous and adjacent normal breast tissues. There was significant downregulation of ERβ methylation expression in pre-cancerous stages of breast cancer. Therefore, demethylation drugs may offer a potential strategy for preventing the development of pre-cancerous cells.

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PvulI and Xbal polymorphism of estrogen receptor-α and the results of estroprogestagen therapy in girls with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea – preliminary study

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Evaluation of the quality of life of postmenopausal osteoporotic and osteopenic women with or without fractures

Evaluation of the quality of life of postmenopausal osteoporotic and osteopenic women with or without fractures

Treatments to Prevent Bone Loss in Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Estrogen receptor β promoter methylation: a potential indicator of malignant changes in breast cancer

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