Pyramidal Neurons Are Generated from Oligodendroglial Progenitor Cells in Adult Piriform Cortex

Guo, Fuzheng; Maeda, Yoshiko; Ma, Joyce; Xu, Jie; Horiuchi, Makoto; Miers, Laird; Vaccarino, Flora M.; Pleasure, David E

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1360-10.2010

Cited by 161 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…This disparity might result from differences in the oligodendrocyte identification methods used, Cre induction efficiencies, or the survival rates of the induced cells owing to other experimental factors such as BrdU incorporation. It is also possible that Cre induction continued to occur after the last 4-OHT injection, as recently described (Guo et al, 2010), which could lead to an underestimation of Cre induction efficiency and an overestimation of oligodendrocyte production.…”

Section: Ng2 Cells Do Not Generate Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Dimou et al (Dimou et al, 2008) used Olig2-CreER TM mice (Takebayashi et al, 2002) to show that NG2 cells in the adult brain generate oligodendrocytes and a small number of protoplasmic astrocytes, but not neurons. In PLPCreER T mice, NG2 cells were shown to generate astrocytes in the ventral gray matter and some neurons in the piriform cortex in addition to oligodendrocytes (Guo et al, 2009;Guo et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age-dependent fate and lineage restriction of single NG2 cells

et al. 2011

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SUMMARYNG2-expressing glia (NG2 cells, polydendrocytes) appear in the embryonic brain, expand perinatally, and persist widely throughout the gray and white matter of the mature central nervous system. We have previously reported that NG2 cells generate oligodendrocytes in both gray and white matter and a subset of protoplasmic astrocytes in the gray matter of the ventral forebrain and spinal cord. To investigate the temporal changes in NG2 cell fate, we generated NG2creER TM BAC transgenic mice, in which tamoxifen-inducible Cre is expressed in NG2 cells. Cre induction at embryonic day 16.5, postnatal day (P) 2, P30 and P60 in mice that were double transgenic for NG2creER TM BAC and the Cre reporter revealed that NG2 cells in the postnatal brain generate only NG2 cells or oligodendrocytes, whereas NG2 cells in the embryonic brain generate protoplasmic astrocytes in the gray matter of the ventral forebrain in addition to oligodendrocytes and NG2 cells. Analysis of cell clusters from single NG2 cells revealed that more than 80% of the NG2 cells in the P2 brain give rise to clusters consisting exclusively of oligodendrocytes, whereas the majority of the NG2 cells in the P60 brain generate clusters that contain only NG2 cells or a mixture of oligodendrocytes and NG2 cells. Furthermore, live cell imaging of single NG2 cells from early postnatal brain slices revealed that NG2 cells initially divide symmetrically to produce two daughter NG2 cells and that differentiation into oligodendrocytes occurred after 2-3 days.

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Section: Ng2 Cells Do Not Generate Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-dependent fate and lineage restriction of single NG2 cells

et al. 2011

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“…Comprising ∼5% of all cells in the adult mouse brain and ∼3% of cells in the adult human brain (Roy et al, 1999;Scolding, 1998;Scolding et al, 1999), these parenchymal OPCs appear to provide the substrate by which normal myelin turnover is maintained (Franklin and ffrench-Constant, 2008). Importantly, although resident adult OPCs have been described as giving rise either predominantly or solely to oligodendrocytes (Kang et al, 2010;Rivers et al, 2008;Tripathi et al, 2010) or to both astrocytes and oligodendrocytes (Nishiyama et al, 2009) in vivo, they have also been reported to generate pyriform projection neurons in adult rodents, even in the absence of injury or exogenous manipulation (Guo et al, 2010;Rivers et al, 2008). Moreover, once removed from the brain, adult OPCs can also produce functional neurons of a variety of phenotypes, both in vitro and upon re-introduction into developing brains (Belachew et al, 2003;Nunes et al, 2003).…”

Section: Oligoneogenesis In the Forebrainmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to make an oligodendrocyte

2015

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Oligodendrocytes produce myelin, an insulating sheath required for the saltatory conduction of electrical impulses along axons. Oligodendrocyte loss results in demyelination, which leads to impaired neurological function in a broad array of diseases ranging from pediatric leukodystrophies and cerebral palsy, to multiple sclerosis and white matter stroke. Accordingly, replacing lost oligodendrocytes, whether by transplanting oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) or by mobilizing endogenous progenitors, holds great promise as a therapeutic strategy for the diseases of central white matter. In this Primer, we describe the molecular events regulating oligodendrocyte development and how our understanding of this process has led to the establishment of methods for producing OPCs and oligodendrocytes from embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, as well as directly from somatic cells. In addition, we will discuss the safety of engrafted stem cell-derived OPCs, as well as approaches by which to modulate their differentiation and myelinogenesis in vivo following transplantation.

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“…Among the unsolved issues of parenchymal neurogenesis are the numerous reports that have not been confirmed by further studies performed by the same or other laboratories (Gould et al 1999;Magavi et al 2000;Nakatomi et al 2002;Zhao et al 2003;Rivers et al 2008;Guo et al 2010), along with a series of findings that have been denied in studies trying to reproduce the same results (Kornack and Rakic 2001;Frielingsdorf et al 2004;Richardson et al 2011). Hence, it is evident that we still do not grasp the real limits and/or opportunities of parenchymal neurogenesis and that further studies are required before finally accepting or denying the existence of some "unusual" neurogenic processes.…”

Section: Parenchymal Neurogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Noncanonical Sites of Adult Neurogenesis in the Mammalian Brain

Feliciano

Bordey

Bonfanti

2015

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

106

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Two decades after the discovery that neural stem cells (NSCs) populate some regions of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), deep knowledge has been accumulated on their capacity to generate new neurons in the adult brain. This constitutive adult neurogenesis occurs throughout life primarily within remnants of the embryonic germinal layers known as "neurogenic sites." Nevertheless, some processes of neurogliogenesis also occur in the CNS parenchyma commonly considered as "nonneurogenic." This "noncanonical" cell genesis has been the object of many claims, some of which turned out to be not true. Indeed, it is often an "incomplete" process as to its final outcome, heterogeneous by several measures, including regional location, progenitor identity, and fate of the progeny. These aspects also strictly depend on the animal species, suggesting that persistent neurogenic processes have uniquely adapted to the brain anatomy of different mammals. Whereas some examples of noncanonical neurogenesis are strictly parenchymal, others also show stem cell niche-like features and a strong link with the ventricular cavities. This work will review results obtained in a research field that expanded from classic neurogenesis studies involving a variety of areas of the CNS outside of the subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zone (SGZ). It will be highlighted how knowledge concerning noncanonical neurogenic areas is still incomplete owing to its regional and species-specific heterogeneity, and to objective difficulties still hampering its full identification and characterization.

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Pyramidal Neurons Are Generated from Oligodendroglial Progenitor Cells in Adult Piriform Cortex

Cited by 161 publications

References 62 publications

Age-dependent fate and lineage restriction of single NG2 cells

Age-dependent fate and lineage restriction of single NG2 cells

How to make an oligodendrocyte

Noncanonical Sites of Adult Neurogenesis in the Mammalian Brain

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