Pyrogenic Carbon Lacks Long-Term Persistence in Temperate Arable Soils

Lutfalla, Suzanne; Abiven, Samuel; Barré, Pierre; Wiedemeier, Daniel B.; Christensen, Bent T.; Houot, Sabine; Kätterer, Thomas; Macdonald, A. J.; Oort, Folkert van; Chenu, Claire

doi:10.3389/feart.2017.00096

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Similarly to previous studies (Chen et al, 2014), we observed a colocation of C and Ca (contained in smectites). Although the exact mechanism responsible for this colocation is not clearly identified, one hypothesis is that Ca could facilitate the binding of negatively charged or polarized organic compounds to negatively charged mineral surfaces via cation bridging (Lützow et al, 2006;Mikutta et al, 2007;Rowley et al, 2018). It has been shown that the cation bridging mechanism can promote organomineral interaction and reduce the bioavailability of adsorbed organic molecules for negatively charged 2 : 1 clay minerals (vermiculite) (Mikutta et al, 2007).…”

Section: Smectitic Clays Appear More Efficient At Protecting Som Thanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidecadal persistence of organic matter in soils: multiscale investigations down to the submicron scale

Lutfalla

Barré

Bernard³

et al. 2019

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Minerals, particularly clay-sized minerals, protect soil organic matter (SOM) from decomposition by microorganisms. Here we report the characterization of SOM and the associated minerals over decades of biodegradation, in a French long-term bare fallow (LTBF) experiment started in 1928. The amounts of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in the study area declined over time for six fractions (sand, coarse silt, fine silt, coarse clays, intermediate clays, and fine clays). The C:N ratios of SOM associated with silt fractions remained constant, whereas the ratios significantly decreased in clays, reaching very low values in intermediate and fine clays (C:N < 5) after 8 decades of LTBF conditions. X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed the following: (i) bulk-scale SOM chemical speciation remained almost constant; (ii) submicron particulate OM was present in coarse clays, even after 79 years of LTBF conditions; and (iii) illite particles became progressively SOM-free with time, whereas mixed-layer illite/smectite and smectites were always associated with OM throughout the bare fallow treatment. In summary, these results suggest that clay-sized minerals preferentially protect N-rich SOM and that smectites and mixed-layer illite/smectite seem to protect associated OM more effectively than pure illites.

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Section: Smectitic Clays Appear More Efficient At Protecting Som Thanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidecadal persistence of organic matter in soils: multiscale investigations down to the submicron scale

Lutfalla

Barré

Bernard³

et al. 2019

Biogeosciences

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“…The C and N declines in the coarse silt fraction were not that clear, but these fractions had very low N and C concentrations. The low C decline (53%) compared to the N decline (74%) in the sand fraction could be explained by the presence of C-rich sand-sized coal or pyrogenic carbon (Lutfalla et al, 2017). Overall, the CC, IC and FC subfractions lost 59%, 49% and 67% of their initial C content and 52%, 36% and 48% of their initial N content, respectively.…”

Section: Carbon and Nitrogen Declines In The Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Multidecadal persistence of organic matter in soils: investigations at the submicrometer scale

Lutfalla¹,

Barré²,

Bernard³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The mineral matrix, particularly clay-sized minerals, protects soil organic matter (SOM) from decomposition by microorganisms. Here we report the characterization of SOM and associated minerals over decades of biodegradation, in a French long-term bare fallow (LTBF) experiment started in 1928. The amounts of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) declined with time for six fractions (sand, coarse silt, fine silt, coarse clays, intermediate clays and fine clays). The C&#8201;:&#8201;N ratios of SOM associated to silt fractions remained constant whereas they significantly decreased in clays, reaching very low values in intermediate and fine clays (C&#8201;:&#8201;N&#8201;<&#8201;5) after 8 decades of LTBF. X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed that (i) bulk-scale SOM chemical speciation remained almost constant, (ii) submicrometric particulate OM was present in coarse clays, even after 79 years of LTBF, (iii) illite particles became progressively SOM-free with time whereas mixed layered illite/smectite and smectites were always associated to OM throughout the bare fallow. Altogether, these results suggest that clay-sized minerals preferentially protect N-rich SOM and that smectites and mixed layered illite/smectite protect SOM more efficiently than illites.</p>

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“…Moreover, PyC is believed to decompose more slowly than unburned organic matter, with mean residence times on the order of multiple centuries rather than years or decades (Preston and Schmidt, 2006;Czimczik and Masiello, 2007;Bird et al, 2015). However, recent studies have suggested that PyC may cycle more rapidly under certain conditions depending on its physical and chemical interactions with the soil environment (Hockaday et al, 2006;Zimmermann et al, 2012;Lutfalla et al, 2017;De La Rosa et al, 2018). Given that the frequency and scale of wildfires are projected to continue to increase in the coming years due to the hotter, drier conditions associated with climate change (Dennison et al, 2014;Jolly et al, 2015;Abatzoglou and Williams, 2016), both the concentration of PyC on the landscape and the role that PyC plays in soil carbon cycling are also likely to increase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Term Effects of Recent Fire on the Production and Translocation of Pyrogenic Carbon in Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Matosziuk

Gallo

Hatten

et al. 2020

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Fire affects the quantity and quality of soil organic matter (SOM). While combustion of the O-horizon causes direct losses of SOM, fire also transforms the remaining SOM into a spectrum of thermally altered organic matter. Pyrogenic carbon (PyC) can resist degradation and may have important effects on soil carbon cycling. The objectives of this study are to examine the mobility of PyC. Studying the effects of wildfire is challenging due to the rapid post-fire changes in the ecosystem and lack of robust controls. We overcame those limitations by examining the Chimney Tops 2 Fire which burned 4,617 ha of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSMNP), including a National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) site, in November 2016. We examined PyC in soils from three time points from an area burned at low-severity (pre-, immediate post-, and 11 months post-fire) and two time points from areas burned at lower to higher severity (immediate post-and 11 months post-fire). At locations with pre-fire soil samples we found that PyC increased in the O-horizon (2.22 g BPCA/kg soil) after low severity fire, which resulted in higher PyC concentrations at 5-10 cm (0.73 g BPCA/kg soil and 17.79 g BPCA/kg C) and 10-20 cm (12.19 g BPCA/kg C) of depth in the mineral soil. Sites burned at higher severity had more PyC in the O horizon relative to sites burned at lower severity (10.29 g BPCA/kg soil and 29.89 g BPCA/kg C). As a result of higher concentrations of PyC in the O-horizons burned at higher severity, statistically more PyC moved from the O-horizon to the 0-10 cm horizon from immediate to 1-year post-fire (1.37 g BPCA/kg soil and 16.10 g BPCA/kg C). Lastly, the depth profile of C and BPCA suggest a shift in the source and amount of PyC in these soil profiles over time-possibly as a result of fire suppression. Results indicate that low severity fire may be an important mechanism by which PyC is produced and transported into mineral soils.

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Pyrogenic Carbon Lacks Long-Term Persistence in Temperate Arable Soils

Cited by 32 publications

References 35 publications

Multidecadal persistence of organic matter in soils: multiscale investigations down to the submicron scale

Multidecadal persistence of organic matter in soils: multiscale investigations down to the submicron scale

Multidecadal persistence of organic matter in soils: investigations at the submicrometer scale

Short-Term Effects of Recent Fire on the Production and Translocation of Pyrogenic Carbon in Great Smoky Mountains National Park

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