Pyrolysis of cellulose and lignin

Haensel, Thomas; Comouth, A.; Lorenz, Pierre; Ahmed, S.I.-U.; Krischok, S.; Zydziak, Nicolas; Kauffmann, Axel; Schaefer, J.A.

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.05.047

Cited by 55 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Le signal de chaque spectre C1s est compos e de plusieurs pics en accord avec les signatures chimiques correspondant aux diff erentes liaisons carbones constituant la lignine avant et après torr efaction: [39] C1 ¼ liaisons carbonecarbone ou carbone-hydrogène (CÀ ÀC ou CÀ ÀH); C2 liaisons carbone-oxygène (CÀ ÀO); C3 carbone li e à un groupement carbonyle (CÀ À À ÀO) ou carbone li e à deux atomes d'oxygènes (OÀ ÀCÀ ÀO); C5 carbone li e à un atome d'oxygène et à un atome de fluor ou à deux atomes de fluor (OÀ ÀCÀ ÀF ou FÀ ÀCÀ ÀF); C6 li e à trois atomes de fluor (CÀ ÀF 3 ).…”

Section: C1sunclassified

“…Le signal de chaque spectre O1s (Figure 3) est compos e de deux pics correspondant aux diff erentes liaisons oxygène constituant la lignine avant et après torr efaction en accord avec les signatures identifi ees dans la litt erature: [39,41] Les abondances relatives des diff erents pics sont pr esent ees au Table 4 et montrent des ecarts par rapport à la lignine vierge. Ainsi, le pic O1 diminue de 11.8 % jusqu'à 4.1 % durant la torr efaction sèche mais augmente jusqu'à 36.6 % lors de la torr efaction avec liquide ionique.…”

Section: O1sunclassified

“…Les assignations des diff erents environnements chimiques du carbone sont sensiblement les mêmes que celles ayant et e identifi ees auparavant dans le cas de la lignine: [39] idem pour C1À ÀC3, C5 et C6; C4 ¼ carbone d'un groupement carboxyle (OÀ ÀCÀ À À ÀO). Les concentrations relatives apparentes de diff erents groupements carbon es de la cellulose vierge et torr efi ee sont pr esent ees au Table 6.…”

Section: C1sunclassified

“…Le signal de chaque spectre O1s ( Figure 4, Table 6) est compos e de plusieurs pics correspondant aux diff erentes liaisons oxygène constituant la cellulose avant et après torr efaction: [39,41,43] O1 et O2 assignations identiques à celles de la lignine; O3 ¼ atome d'oxygène de l'eau pi eg ee dans le solide.…”

Section: O1sunclassified

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Torréfaction de la biomasse lignocellulosique dans les liquides ioniques: Analyse comparative par spectroscopies de surface

et al. 2014

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Torrefaction is a thermal pretreatment used to improve the physicochemical properties of lignocellulosic biomass prior to its thermochemical conversion. In this study, aspen wood imbued with a hydrophilic ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate) was torrefied, and the properties of the solid product were compared to those from conventional dry torrefaction. The solid products were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy X (XPS), photoelectron energy loss spectroscopy (ESCALOSS), and X-ray excited Auger electron spectroscopy X (XAES) in order to study the biomass surface modifications due to ionic-liquid torrefaction in comparison to dry torrefaction. The results obtained show that ionic liquids led to lignin degradation while dry torrefaction mostly affected the carbon-rich extractives. Lignin degradation was monitored using ESCALOSS and XAES techniques, which unveiled reduction in sp 2 hybridized carbon forms. Finally, ionic-liquid assisted torrefaction of the main biomass components, i.e., lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, treated individually, showed a decrease in their O/C ratio in line with improved hydrophobicity and robustness against moisture uptake by the torrefied products. The diversity of trends revealed by our surface analysis study during the torrefaction of bare or ionic-liquid-impregnated wood, especially by means of ESCALOSS and XAES, requires the pursuit of research in order to describe more in-depth the physicochemical processes involved during torrefaction.La torr efaction est un proc ed e de pr etraitement servant à am eliorer les propri et es physicochimiques de la biomasse lignocellulosique pr ec edant sa conversion thermochimique. Dans cette etude, des echantillons de bois du type peuplier faux-tremble ont et e torr efi es selon deux modes : par torr efaction sèche conventionnelle et par impr egnation avec un liquide ionique hydrophile (1-ethyl-3-m ethyl imidazolium trifluorom ethanesulfonate) suivie d'une torr efaction. Les produits solides de torr efaction ont et e caract eris es au moyen de la spectroscopie des photo electrons X, de la spectroscopie des pertes d' energie des photo electrons (ESCALOSS) et de la spectrom etrie des electrons Auger induits par rayons X (XAES) afin de d eterminer les modifications chimiques de surface induites par ces deux modes de torr efaction. Les r esultats ont montr e que la torr efaction des echantillons de bois dans un liquide ionique contribue à la d egradation de la lignine alors que la torr efaction sèche entraîne la suppression partielle des extractibles riches en carbone. La d egradation de la lignine a egalement et e suivie par ESCALOSS et XAES qui ont r ev el e une diminution de la contribution de carbones hybrid es sp 2 . Enfin, l'utilisation de liquide ionique pour la torr efaction des principaux composants de bois (h emicellulose, cellulose et lignine), pris individuellement, a montr e qu'il y a une diminution du rapport O/C sugg erant que les produits solides torr efi es dans les liquides ionique...

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Section: C1sunclassified

Section: O1sunclassified

Section: C1sunclassified

Section: O1sunclassified

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Torréfaction de la biomasse lignocellulosique dans les liquides ioniques: Analyse comparative par spectroscopies de surface

et al. 2014

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“…Lignin, which is mainly used as fuel due to its high calorific value, can also be used as a filler in various polymer compounds. Applications in electronic devices are also targeted: one new development is to implement wood-based polymers as bipolar plates for direct methanol fuel cells as well as other types of electrodes (Haensel et al 2009(Haensel et al , 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valence band structure of cellulose and lignin studied by XPS and DFT

et al. 2012

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In this report, X-ray induced photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements of the valence band structure of cellulose and lignin are combined with a theoretical reconstruction of the spectra based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. These calculations involve an analysis of the valence band structures and their respective orbitals in which basic units of cellulose and lignin are considered. In addition, photoionization cross sections are incorporated for reconstruction of the XPS spectra. This combination of theoretical calculations and experimental measurements revealed that an emission present up to 10 eV in the valence band structure is dominated by oxygen rather than by carbon, as reported in literature. Furthermore, a quantitative elemental analysis shows significant carbon contributions at binding energies above 13 eV. The valence band analysis supported by DFT provides a powerful basis for a detailed interpretation of spectroscopic data and enables a profound insight into application relevant processes in future.

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Ultrafast Laser Pulses Enable One‐Step Graphene Patterning on Woods and Leaves for Green Electronics

Park

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

188

195

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Fast, simple, cost-efficient, eco-friendly, and design-flexible patterning of highquality graphene from abundant natural resources is of immense interest for the mass production of next-generation graphene-based green electronics. Most electronic components have been manufactured by repetitive photolithography processes involving a large number of masks, photoresists, and toxic etchants; resulting in slow, complex, expensive, less-flexible, and often corrosive electronics manufacturing processes to date. Here, a one-step formation and patterning of highly conductive graphene on natural woods and leaves by programmable irradiation of ultrafast high-photon-energy laser pulses in ambient air is presented. Direct photoconversion of woods and leaves into graphene is realized at a low temperature by intense ultrafast light pulses with controlled fluences. Green graphene electronic components of electrical interconnects, flexible temperature sensors, and energy-storing pseudocapacitors are fabricated from woods and leaves. This direct graphene synthesis is a breakthrough toward biocompatible, biodegradable, and ecofriendlily manufactured green electronics for the sustainable earth.

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Pyrolysis of cellulose and lignin

Cited by 55 publications

References 12 publications

Torréfaction de la biomasse lignocellulosique dans les liquides ioniques: Analyse comparative par spectroscopies de surface

Torréfaction de la biomasse lignocellulosique dans les liquides ioniques: Analyse comparative par spectroscopies de surface

Valence band structure of cellulose and lignin studied by XPS and DFT

Ultrafast Laser Pulses Enable One‐Step Graphene Patterning on Woods and Leaves for Green Electronics

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