Pyrolysis of cellulose, xylan and lignin with the K2CO3 and ZnCl2 addition for bio-oil production

Pyrolysis/gasification of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin for hydrogen production in the presence of various nickel-based catalysts

“…Additionally, pyrolysis/gasification of cellulose in the absence of catalyst showed the highest yield of gas (55.3 wt.%), whereas the gas yield for the xylan and lignin were 44.2 and 21.5 wt.%, respectively. A low residue yield (34 wt.%) has been reported by Rutkowski et al [29] for the pyrolysis of cellulose, compared with the pyrolysis of xylan (42 wt.%) and the pyrolysis of lignin (51 wt.%). The high content of volatiles from the decomposition of cellulose and lowest volatiles from the decomposition of lignin were also reported using TGA [10,16].…”

An overview on fast pyrolysis of the main constituents in lignocellulosic biomass to valued-added chemicals: Structures, pathways and interactions

“…The highest yield of liquid from pyrolysis of xylan in a tubular stainless steel reactor (300-700 1C) was achieved as 60% around 350 1C and kept constant with the increased temperature, giving the yield of char as 20% [94]. Much lower yield of bio-oil as 32% was obtained from pyrolysis of xylan in a vertical Pyrex reactor at 450 1C, while the char yield is 42% [95].…”

“…Table 4 Summary of the gas, liquid and solid product yield from different pyrolysis processes of the main constituents and assessment of the processes regarding the energy consumption, output and potential for scale-up. [95]; HHV of gas product is estimated to be 1.64 MJ/kg from xylan, 3.33 MJ/kg from cellulose and 11.74 MJ/kg from lignin [145]. d Estimated according to [2].…”

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Biomass to Synthesize Bio-oil and Chemicals: A Review

“…In order to maximize gas production from biomass pyrolysis, metal oxides, such as calcium oxide and magnesium oxide, may be used as the catalyst [9]. Fixed bed [29] Generally, the presence of zeolitic materials in biomass pyrolysis affects the product distribution. Aho et al investigated the effect of different type of zeolites in product distribution of biomass pyrolysis [10].…”