Pyrolysis studies of PP/PE/PS/PVC/HIPS-Br plastics mixed with PET and dehalogenation (Br, Cl) of the liquid products

Bhaskar, Thallada; Kaneko, Jun; Muto, Akinori; Sakata, Yusaku; Jakab, Emma; Matsui, Toshiki; Uddin, Md. Azhar

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2004.01.005

Cited by 105 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Melt thermoplastics are maintained at high temperature under air atmosphere for several minutes. Two methods were selected thanks to their ability to subject polymers to heating conditions close to those encountered in many real situations (12)(13)(14) : thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and pyrolysis under airflow. Both these methods allow thermal breakdown in air, controlled temperature with slow or fast heating rate and steps at constant temperature.…”

Section: Laboratory Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying thermal breakdown products of thermoplastics

Guillemot

Oury

Mélin

2017

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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Polymers processed to produce plastic articles are subjected to temperatures between 150°C and 450°C or more during overheated processing and breakdowns. Heat-based processing of this nature can lead to emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the thermoplastic processing shop. In this study, laboratory experiments, qualitative and quantitative emissions measurement in thermoplastic factories were carried out. The first step was to identify the compounds released depending on the thermoplastic nature, the temperature and the type of process. Then a thermal degradation protocol that can extrapolate the laboratory results to industry scenarios was developed. The influence of three parameters on released thermal breakdown products was studied: the sample preparation methodsmanual cutting, ambient or cold grinding -the heating rate during thermal degradation -5, 10 20 and 50°C/min -and the decomposition method -thermogravimetric analysis and pyrolysis. Laboratory results were compared to atmospheric measurements taken at 13 companies to validate the protocol and thereby ensure its representativeness of industrial thermal processing. This protocol was applied to most commonly used thermoplastics to determine their thermal breakdown products and their thermal behaviour. Emissions data collected by personal exposure monitoring and sampling at the process emission area show airborne concentrations of detected compounds to be in the range of 0-3 mg/m 3 under normal operating conditions. Laser cutting or purging operations generate higher pollution levels in particular formaldehyde which was found in some cases at a concentration above the workplace exposure limit.3

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Section: Laboratory Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying thermal breakdown products of thermoplastics

Guillemot

Oury

Mélin

2017

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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“…In contrast, Ca _ C absorbent did not completely remove Cl from liquid products derived from municipal plastic wastes (MPW), with approximately 590 ppm remaining. The MPW contained PET and small quantities of acrylonitrilebutadiene-styrene (ABS) in addition to the 3P and PVC, so chlorinated organic compounds were formed, which were difficult to remove using these absorbents 81 ) . Br and PVC-containing 3P is challenging.…”

Section: Pvcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feedstock Recycling <i>via</i> Waste Plastic Pyrolysis

Kumagai

2016

J. Jpn. Petrol. Inst.

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Plastics are essential materials for various products such as packaging and containers, electrical and electronic equipment, and automobiles. Japanese production of polymers was reported as 10.6 million t in 2014 1) , with the majority prepared from finite fossil resources. Currently, in excess of 150 and 200 different types of polymers and additives, respectively, are produced and distributed within Japan 2 ) . Metals and fillers are further mixed with these products to achieve the desired properties, giving innumerable combinations. Thus, no single recycling technique can treat all types of waste plastics. Consequently, waste plastics are commonly treated by mechanical recycling, feedstock recycling, and energy recovery, depending on the waste composition and the purpose of the recycled products.The Plastic Waste Management Institute reported that 9.3 million t of waste plastics were collected in 2014 in Japan 1 ) . The utilized rate (mechanical recycling feedstock recycling energy recovery) for collected waste plastics was 83 %, and is increasing yearly. Utilization can be broken down into 70 % energy recovery, 26 % mechanical recycling, and 4 % feedstock recycling. According to the Basic Law for Establishing the Recycling-based Society, the order of priority of these techniques is as follows: mechanical recycling feedstock recycling energy recovery. Therefore, the ideal and actual situations show a wide gap.Feedstock recycling is a growing field in Japan, but is challenging due to the mismatch with current domestic recycling systems. However, advances in research and technical development show the potential to achieve an advanced recycling-based society. In Japan, monomerization, blast furnace reduction, coke oven chemical feedstock recycling, liquefaction, and gasification are categorized as feedstock recycling. In this paper, we focus on liquefaction and gasification, which are based on the pyrolysis technique.Pyrolysis converts polymeric materials into gases, liquids, and solids at high temperatures in the absence of oxygen. This process cleaves various chemical bonds in polymers and additives by the action of only heat, which is advantageous for low-purity waste that cannot be treated by mechanical recycling. Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) are the main polymeric materials produced worldwide, so have been widely studied. In addition, these materials are good quality carbon and hydrogen resources (PE and PP: 86 % C and 14 % H; PS: 92 % C and 8 % H). In contrast, the pyrolysis of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) Recycling of waste plastics is essential for reducing environmental degradation and ensuring future resource security. The quantity of domestic plastic waste recycled is increasing yearly, reaching 83 % in 2014. However, only 26 % and 4 % of the recycled waste plastic is treated by mechanical and feedstock recycling, respectively, whereas 70 % is treated by energy recovery (incineration). Therefore, the mechanical and feedstock recycling ra...

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“…ZnO promoted the [66] formation of carbonaceous residue, while the residue was reduced in the presence of CaO. Bhaskar et al [74,75] developed a chlorine sorbent consisting of 90 wt% CaCO 3 and 10 wt% phenol resin. This sorbent was successfully used in the dehalogenation of mixed plastics consisting of polyolefins, high-impact PS (HIPS) containing a brominated flame retardant, and PVC at 430°C.…”

Section: Dehalogenationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feedstock recycling of waste polymeric material

Grause

Buekens

Sakata

et al. 2011

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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The first International Symposium on Feedstock Recycling of Polymeric Materials (ISFR) was hosted in 1999 in Sendai, Japan. Since then, the ISFR has been held five times in different places in Asia and Europe. Each of these conferences focused on special issues covered by the Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management. The topics included thermal processes with and without catalysts, wet processes in various solvents, the dehydrochlorination of PVC, mechanical recycling and separation techniques, as well as the treatment of biomaterials. This review is a compilation of the most interesting and important developments discussed at the ISFR during the last decade.

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Pyrolysis studies of PP/PE/PS/PVC/HIPS-Br plastics mixed with PET and dehalogenation (Br, Cl) of the liquid products

Cited by 105 publications

References 12 publications

Identifying thermal breakdown products of thermoplastics

Identifying thermal breakdown products of thermoplastics

Feedstock Recycling <i>via</i> Waste Plastic Pyrolysis

Feedstock recycling of waste polymeric material

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