Pyrolysis temperature during biochar production alters its subsequent utilization by microorganisms in an acid arable soil

Luo, Yu; Dungait, Jennifer A. J.; Zhao, Xingbo; Brookes, Philip C.; Durenkamp, Mark; Li, Guitong; Lin, Qimei

doi:10.1002/ldr.2846

Cited by 59 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…A biochar-treated acid soil was evaluated for soil microbial communities by PLFA; where increased PLFA was observed compared to the control soil after 431 days of incubation (Luo et al 2018). It has been demonstrated that higher surface area of biochar could adsorb water, nutrients, and soluble C which in turn facilitate the microbial colonization (Luo et al 2018). Moreover, the PLFA revealed that Gram-positive bacteria used biochar C as substrate from the biochar produced at 350 °C than that at 700 °C.…”

Section: Soil Microbial Community Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Response of microbial communities to biochar-amended soils: a critical review

Palansooriya

Wong

Hashimoto

et al. 2019

Biochar

554

160

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Application of biochar to soils changes soil physicochemical properties and stimulates the activities of soil microorganisms that influence soil quality and plant performance. Studying the response of soil microbial communities to biochar amendments is important for better understanding interactions of biochar with soil, as well as plants. However, the effect of biochar on soil microorganisms has received less attention than its influences on soil physicochemical properties. In this review, the following key questions are discussed: (i) how does biochar affect soil microbial activities, in particular soil carbon (C) mineralization, nutrient cycling, and enzyme activities? (ii) how do microorganisms respond to biochar amendment in contaminated soils? and (iii) what is the role of biochar as a growth promoter for soil microorganisms? Many studies have demonstrated that biochar-soil application enhances the soil microbial biomass with substantial changes in microbial community composition. Biochar amendment changes microbial habitats, directly or indirectly affects microbial metabolic activities, and modifies the soil microbial community in terms of their diversity and abundance. However, chemical properties of biochar, (especially pH and nutrient content), and physical properties such as pore size, pore volume, and specific surface area play significant roles in determining the efficacy of biochar on microbial performance as biochar provides suitable habitats for microorganisms. The mode of action of biochar leading to stimulation of microbial activities is complex and is influenced by the nature of biochar as well as soil conditions.

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Section: Soil Microbial Community Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Response of microbial communities to biochar-amended soils: a critical review

Palansooriya

Wong

Hashimoto

et al. 2019

Biochar

554

160

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“…Biochar amendment influences microbial community and functioning not only by providing available organics but also indirectly by decreasing soil acidity by cations in ash. Compound‐specific 13 C analysis of phospholipid fatty acids ( 13 C‐PLFA) was used to determine which microbial group utilized C added with biochar (Luo et al, ). C4 Miscanthus biochar (δ 13 C = −12.2‰), prepared at 350 and 700 °C, was applied to a highly acidic soil (pH 3.7, δ 13 C = −27.7‰) from Rothamsted Research Station and incubated for 14 months.…”

Section: Overview Of the Papers In The Special Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 13 C‐PLFA showed that all microbial groups, and especially G+ bacteria, used the C from the biochar350, but not from the biochar700. In conclusion, biochar utilization by microorganisms is largely determined by the pyrolysis temperature controlling the C availability and not by the pH effects (Luo et al, ).…”

Section: Overview Of the Papers In The Special Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biochar Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fire effects on ecosystems are very complex. They not only reduce or completely eliminate aboveground biomass but also impact the full range of belowground physical, chemical, and microbially mediated processes (Liu et al, ; Luo et al, ; Neary, Klopatek, DeBano, & Ffolliott, ), increase runoff and soil erosion in the immediate period after the fire (Shakesby & Doerr, ; Thomaz, ), and, in the case of severe and recurrent fires, give prolonged consequences at the landscape and regional levels (Figure ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ash and fire, char, and biochar in the environment

2018

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Fire is an extreme event leading to rapid and dramatic losses of carbon (C), nutrients, and ballast elements from ecosystems and leaving ash and char on the soil surface. This affects soil processes, properties, and functions. Similar effects can be induced by applying biochar—the product of artificial pyrolysis of plant materials and organic wastes. The nutrients in ashes remaining after a fire or in biochar after pyrolysis will be leached within a few years, and only the highly condensed material will remain in the soil over centuries and millennia. This Special Issue (SI) is devoted to ash, fire, char, and biochar in the environment, with a special focus on soil processes and properties. We begin by comprehensively summarizing the positive and negative effects of fire, ash, char, and biochar on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils. We then review the 15 papers contributing to this SI. The first group of studies focuses on reconstructing fires during the Holocene and then linking them to human activities and land use. These studies clearly concluded that the fire frequency strongly increased with human invasion and occupation, and that charcoal properties are useful in reconstructing anthropogenic activities. The second group of studies is mainly devoted to changes in physical, chemical, and biological soil properties as well as to interactions between soil functions depending on fire, ash, and char properties. The final group describes the effects of biochar on soil properties and functions such as nutrient availability, C sequestration, microbial diversity and community structure, and heavy metal fixation. The overall conclusion is that fire and the remaining ash and char as well as the application of biochar have short‐ and long‐term consequences for soil. Despite the dramatic effects of fire on vegetation, these factors have many positive effects on soil properties and functions, whereby the influences extend from local, landscape, and regional scales to the global scale.

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Corn and hardwood biochars affected soil microbial community and enzyme activities

Pérez‐Guzmán

Lower

Dick

2020

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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Biochar has gained interest as a soil amendment to improve soil quality and as means to help mitigate climate change. With the recent focus given to the soil as a living system and the essential functions it provides, knowledge of different effects of biochar on the microbial community is critical. A laboratory incubation (120 d) study was conducted on a Bennington silt loam (fine, illitic, mesic Aeric Epiaqualf) amended with corn (Zea mays L.) and hardwood biochars produced under slow pyrolysis. Biochars were analyzed for their chemical and physical properties and were added to the soil on a C content basis without exceeding 2.5% w/w. Microbial community abundance and composition were evaluated by phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) analysis, and potential enzyme activities by β‐glucosidase, and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis. There were no significant differences in the abundance of saprophytic fungi or bacteria in samples incubated with biochars when compared to the control. However, soils incubated with corn biochar had significantly (P < .05) higher abundance of Actinobacteria markers than hardwood biochar. The FDA hydrolysis did not show significant differences between soils incubated with biochar when compared with the control. Conversely, the β‐glucosidase activity was significantly higher (P < .05) in soils incubated with either biochar than in control. Since biochar can influence changes in microbial community composition and enzyme activity it may influence cellulose degradation and soil organic matter dynamics in the agricultural soil evaluated.

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Pyrolysis temperature during biochar production alters its subsequent utilization by microorganisms in an acid arable soil

Cited by 59 publications

References 32 publications

Response of microbial communities to biochar-amended soils: a critical review

Response of microbial communities to biochar-amended soils: a critical review

Ash and fire, char, and biochar in the environment

Corn and hardwood biochars affected soil microbial community and enzyme activities

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