Pyrometallurgical processing of ferrous slag “co-product” zero waste full utilization: A critical review

Yang, Jian; Firsbach, Felix; Sohn, Il

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.106021

Cited by 34 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 229 publications

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“…The recovery of heat from slags has been a global problem for many decades and has already been addressed by many institutions and projects [4]. In general, the industrial application was impeded either due to technical difficulties (e.g., low heat-recovery efficiency, insufficient vitrification of blast furnace slag) or due to missing economic feasibility.…”

Section: Description Of the Slag Heat Recovery Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Step Recycling of BF Slag Heat via Biomass for CO2 Mitigation

2022

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Iron- and steelmaking processes create slags, valuable by-products. Industrial utilisation of slag as a lower-value secondary mineral source has been established for decades. Slag heat recovery is an ongoing research topic and has the potential to maximise energy efficiency in iron and steel production. Heat recuperation aims to tap the unused thermal recycling potential of molten slags. This short communication expands the concept for the utilisation of recovered heat for producing torrefied biomass and biogas. The torrefaction process is linked with slag heat recovery and via the BASE method with enhanced blast furnace operation. Such a combination reduces CO2 emissions significantly in ironmaking processes. Assuming a coke consumption of 350 kg coke per tonne of hot metal and replacing it with 5% torrefied biomass injected as PC with an additional 100 m3/tHM biogas injection, the BF’s CO2 emission related to the coke can be lowered by 7.9% to 108 kg/tHM. In such a manner, the recovered slag heat can directly contribute to CO2-footprint reduction and improve the circular economy and metallurgical sustainability.

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Section: Description Of the Slag Heat Recovery Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Step Recycling of BF Slag Heat via Biomass for CO2 Mitigation

2022

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“…The 901 heats of production data of 120 t converter are used to establish the statistical model for the estimated oxygen consumption. The relationship between the estimated oxygen consumption and other parameters can be expressed by Equation (22).…”

Section: Hybrid Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxygen consumption includes oxidation reaction of carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, and iron elements, secondary combustion of carbon monoxide, dissolved oxygen into molten steel and dissipated without involved in any reaction. [22,23] The oxygen consumed by the secondary combustion of carbon monoxide is neglected in this article because the oxygen consumed by the secondary combustion of carbon monoxide is very small and it is difficult to determine the exact amount.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hybrid Model for Predicting Oxygen Consumption in BOF Steelmaking Process Based on Cluster Analysis

Wang

Bao

Gao

et al. 2022

steel research int.

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The amount of oxygen blown into the converter directly affects the productivity of the converter and the quality of the molten steel, so it is crucial to accurately predict oxygen consumption. Herein, a hybrid model for predicting oxygen consumption in basic oxygen furnace steelmaking process is established. The oxygen consumption of converter is divided into two types: the determined oxygen consumption and the estimated oxygen consumption. The determined oxygen consumption is calculated by mechanism model. And the estimated oxygen consumption is calculated by statistical model. The method of cluster analysis is also introduced into the model. After clustering the data, a statistical model for predicting the estimated oxygen consumption in each subcategory is established, which further improves the prediction accuracy of the model. After dividing the original data into three categories, the hit rate of the hybrid model is 93.3%, when the relative errors of the model are restricted within 5%. As a result, the hybrid model is fully capable of predicting oxygen consumption in converters.

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“…Many researchers studied [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] the reduction of iron oxides in solid or molten slag by different types of carbon, and some of the studies are summarised in Table I. Most authors agree that the mass transfer of FeO in the liquid phase is the rate limiting step during slag and solid carbon reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Study on Reduction of FeO in a Molten HIsarna Slag by Various Solid Carbon Sources

Htet

Yan

Khasraw

et al. 2022

Metall Mater Trans B

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To investigate the reduction behaviour of different reductants such as charcoal (CC), thermal coal (TC), and carbon black (CB) with HIsarna slag, a series of isothermal reduction experiments were performed in a vertical tube resistance furnace (VTF), coupled with a Quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) at 1450 °C, 1475 °C and 1500 °C. The results confirm that the highest overall reduction rate was achieved by CC, followed by TC and CB. The reduction mechanism between FeO containing molten slag and the selected carbonaceous materials is determined by studying the morphology of the water quenched samples at the intervals of 1.5, 3 and 5 minutes, using optical and scanning electron microscopes. The results reveal that the overall reaction is controlled by two main mechanisms: (1) nucleation and growth of CO bubbles, proceeded by the gaseous intermediates CO and CO2; and (2) diffusion of FeO in the molten slag. The initial reduction period in which chemical reaction control is dominant, can be described by the Avrami–Erofeev model, whereas the final period is described by the three-dimensional diffusion model.

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Pyrometallurgical processing of ferrous slag “co-product” zero waste full utilization: A critical review

Cited by 34 publications

References 229 publications

Multi-Step Recycling of BF Slag Heat via Biomass for CO2 Mitigation

Multi-Step Recycling of BF Slag Heat via Biomass for CO2 Mitigation

Hybrid Model for Predicting Oxygen Consumption in BOF Steelmaking Process Based on Cluster Analysis

Kinetic Study on Reduction of FeO in a Molten HIsarna Slag by Various Solid Carbon Sources

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