Pyrophosphate as a Source of Phosphorus for Plants

Sutton, C. D.; Gunary, D.; Larsen, S.

doi:10.1097/00010694-196603000-00007

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Within a given soil type, points appended by the same letter are not significantly different ( (Gilliam 1970;Khasawneh et al 1979;Miner and Kamprath 1971;Parent et al 1985), except where hydrolysis rates were inhibited causing a suppression in P availability from pP (Sutton et al 1966;Sutton and Larsen 1964). The study presented here also found no significant difference, over the time period investigated, in total isotopically exchangeable P where P was supplied as pP as compared to oP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

“…The distinguishing feature of this isotopic study is that it had the capability to chemically assess the importance of the contribution of both hydrolysed and non-hydrolysed pP to total isotopically exchangeable P. Previous studies often concluded, based on less sophisticated techniques that the reason pP was equivalent to oP as a P source for crops is because the biological and chemical environment in soil caused pP to rapidly hydrolyse to oP. Sutton and Larsen (1964) concluded that the amount of P available to crops, when supplied as pP, was essentially controlled by the partitioning of pP onto the solid phase prior to hydrolysis. Any adsorbed pP was assumed to be non-hydrolysable and consequently non-available, and any soil solution phase pP was presumed to rapidly hydrolyse to oP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrolysis reactions of polyphosphate fertiliser in soil convert condensed P species (two or more oP groups linked by oxygen bridges) to less condensed forms of P (Dick and Tabatabai 1986;Lindsay 1979). The most common hydrolysis reaction of polyphosphate fertiliser in soil is the conversion of pP to oP (Hashimoto et al 1969;Sutton and Larsen 1964). The hydrolysis reaction of pP is shown in Eq.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Factors that control hydrolysis of polyphosphates include: the polyphosphate concentration, the ionic environment, temperature, microbial activity and pH (Ahmad and Kelso 2001;Rashchi and Finch 2000;Sutton and Larsen 1964;Van Wazer et al 1952). The hydrolysis reaction of pP in soils can be measured over a number of days.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exchangeability of orthophosphate and pyrophosphate in soils: a double isotopic labelling study

et al. 2008

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Liquid polyphosphate fertilisers have shown advantages in field experiments as a phosphorus (P) source for crops grown on calcareous soils. Polyphosphate fertilisers contain orthophosphate (oP), pyrophosphate (pP) and other condensed P species. A double labelling technique was developed using ion chromatography for separation of oP and pP, the major P species in polyphosphate fertilisers, in order to measure the isotopically exchangeable oP, pP and hydrolysed pP. Isotopically exchangeable P was measured in soils incubating for zero, three and 7 days after applying oP or pP to simulate a fertiliser band concentration at one g P kg −1 soil. The data from this incubation study suggest that pP addition initially resulted in less isotopically exchangeable P than oP addition but there was no significant difference in the total isotopically exchangeable P for the two different P sources after 7 days of incubation. The addition of pP to soil resulted in an increase in iron, aluminium and dissolved organic carbon in soil solution, and a decrease in calcium concentration in soil solution. This study has shown that the availability of P added as pP is governed by a complex series of processes that differ from the chemistry of oP reactions in soil.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exchangeability of orthophosphate and pyrophosphate in soils: a double isotopic labelling study

et al. 2008

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“…Fluid ammonium polyphosphate was developed in the 1950's as an alternative form of P fertiliser. Fluid forms of P had gained little market acceptance as the majority of the studies, which were conducted in the USA in the 1960's and 1970's (Sutton and Larsen 1963;Khasawneh et al, 1974;Sample et al, 1979) did not reveal any particular advantages of using the higher-priced fluid versus granular formulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobility, solubility and lability of fluid and granular forms of P fertiliser in calcareous and non-calcareous soils under laboratory conditions

et al. 2005

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Despite a long history of application of phosphorus fertilisers, P deficiency is still a major limitation to crop production on calcareous soils. Recent field research conducted in highly calcareous soils in southern Australia has demonstrated that both grain yield and P uptake of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is greater when fluid forms of P are used compared to granular forms. To improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying this response to P in the field, we compared the lability, solubility and mobility of P applied as either a fluid (3 products) or granular (3 products) form to two calcareous and one alkaline non-calcareous soils in the laboratory. Over a five-week period, between 9.5 and 18% of the P initially present in the fertiliser granules did not diffuse into the surrounding soil. The degree of granule dissolution was independent of the soil type. In contrast, P solubility, lability and diffusion were significantly greater when fluid products were applied to the calcareous soils, but not to the alkaline noncalcareous soil. These findings are discussed in relation to field trials results where fluid products outperformed granular fertilisers.Abbreviations: TSP -triple superphosphate; MAP and DAP -mono and diammonium phosphate; TG-MAPtechnical grade monoammonium phosphate; APP -ammonium polyphosphate; PA -phosphoric acid

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Hydrolysis rates of inorganic polyphosphates in aqueous solution as well as in soils and effects on P availability

Torres‐Dorante

Claassen

Steingrobe

et al. 2005

Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk.

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PNSS P04/94PSummaryÐZusammenfassung Applications of polyphosphate-based fertilizers have been reported to have a positive impact on crop yields as compared to orthophosphate sources. Since plants take up P mainly as orthophosphate, hydrolysis rates of polyphosphates into orthophosphates will determine their fertilizer ability. Laboratory and soil incubation experiments were performed to evaluate hydrolysis rates of pyrophosphate (PP), tripolyphosphate (TP), and trimetaphosphate (TMP) in water as well as in two soils having different P-fixing capacities. P availability was characterized by measuring the orthophosphate (ortho-P) and polyphosphate (poly-P) concentration in soil solution as well as the calcium-acetate-lactate (CAL)extractable amounts of both forms. In water, PP was completely hydrolyzed within 15 d, whereas TMP was hydrolyzed only to about 30% after 90 d. In the two soils, polyphosphates hydrolyzed during the incubation period increasing ortho-P concentration in soil solution as well as in CAL extract. At the end of the incubation, no significant differences in ortho-P concentration in soil solution and CAL extract were found in the sandy soil, whereas in the silty-loam soil, polyphosphate applications resulted in higher soil-solution ortho-P concentration. Although polyphosphate hydrolysis is mainly affected by the soil-specific enzymatic activity, it seems that polyphosphates and/or hydrolysis products are preferentially adsorbed/precipitated compared to ortho-P in the silty loam, thereby influencing the P availability from polyphosphate sources.

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Pyrophosphate as a Source of Phosphorus for Plants

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Exchangeability of orthophosphate and pyrophosphate in soils: a double isotopic labelling study

Exchangeability of orthophosphate and pyrophosphate in soils: a double isotopic labelling study

Mobility, solubility and lability of fluid and granular forms of P fertiliser in calcareous and non-calcareous soils under laboratory conditions

Hydrolysis rates of inorganic polyphosphates in aqueous solution as well as in soils and effects on P availability

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