Pyroxasulfone Metabolism in Resistant <i>Lolium rigidum</i>: Is It All Down to GST Activity?

Goggin, Danica E.; Cawthray, Gregory R.; Busi, Roberto

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08141

J. Agric. Food Chem.

2024

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08141

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Pyroxasulfone Metabolism in Resistant Lolium rigidum: Is It All Down to GST Activity?

Danica E. Goggin,

Gregory R. Cawthray,

Roberto Busi

Abstract: Resistance to the herbicide pyroxasulfone has slowly but steadily increased in agricultural weeds. The evolved resistance of one Lolium rigidum population has been attributed to the conjugation of pyroxasulfone to reduced glutathione, mediated by glutathione transferase (GST) activity. To determine if GST-based metabolism is a widespread mechanism of pyroxasulfone resistance in L. rigidum, a number of putative-resistant populations were screened for GST activity toward pyroxasulfone, the presence of GSTF13-lik… Show more

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2024

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Cited by 3 publications

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Interactions between prosulfocarb and trifluralin metabolism in annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum)

Goggin,

Cawthray,

Busi

2024

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUNDCross‐resistance between pre‐emergence herbicides is developing in Australian populations of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.). A previous study has reported that selection with prosulfocarb (a pro‐herbicide requiring bioactivation to its phytotoxic sulfoxide) can decrease metabolic resistance to trifluralin. Metabolism of prosulfocarb and trifluralin was investigated in L. rigidum populations with different levels of resistance to prosulfocarb, trifluralin and also pyroxasulfone, which is detoxified by glutathione (GSH) conjugation.RESULTSColeoptiles and radicles of herbicide‐treated seedlings responded differently to the same herbicide. Radicles had a lower capacity for bioactivation of prosulfocarb, and this was correlated with a lower ability to metabolise trifluralin within and among populations. Coleoptile resistance to prosulfocarb sulfoxide was negatively correlated with abundance of a major polar metabolite. There was no evidence of GSH conjugation with the sulfoxide, making any potential links between prosulfocarb and pyroxasulfone resistance less obvious.CONCLUSIONSActivation and metabolism of prosulfocarb in L. rigidum is complex and differentially regulated in different tissues. Selection with prosulfocarb may ameliorate trifluralin metabolism in the radicles, but the relationship between prosulfocarb and pyroxasulfone resistance is not GSH‐mediated. When applying pre‐emergence herbicides, care should be taken with the composition of mixtures and rotations to avoid selection of cross‐resistance between pyroxasulfone and prosulfocarb. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Interactions between prosulfocarb and trifluralin metabolism in annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum)

Goggin,

Cawthray,

Busi

2024

Pest Management Science

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PfGSTF2 endows resistance to quizalofop‐p‐ethyl in Polypogon fugax by GSH conjugation

Chen,

Bai,

Liao

et al. 2024

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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SummaryPopulations of Polypogon fugax have developed resistance to many acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACCase)‐inhibiting herbicides. This resistance threats the effectiveness and sustainability of herbicide use. In our previous research, a field P. fugax population exhibited GST‐based metabolic resistance to the widely used ACCase‐inhibiting herbicide quizalofop‐p‐ethyl. Here, in this current study, we identified and characterized two GST genes (named as PfGSTF2 and PfGSTF58) that showed higher expression levels in the resistant than the susceptible population. Transgenic rice calli overexpressing PfGSTF2, but not PfGSTF58, became resistant to quizalofop‐p‐ethyl and haloxyfop‐R‐methyl. This reflects similar cross‐resistance pattern to what was observed in the resistant P. fugax population. Transgenic rice seedlings overexpressing PfGSTF2 also exhibited resistance to quizalofop‐p‐ethyl. In contrast, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of the orthologue gene in rice seedlings increased their sensitivity to quizalofop‐p‐ethyl. LC–MS analysis of in vitro herbicide metabolism by Escherichia coli‐expressed recombinant PfGSTF2 revealed that quizalofop (but not haloxyfop) was detoxified at the ether bond, generating the GSH‐quizalofop conjugate and a propanoic acid derivative with greatly reduced herbicidal activity. Equally, these two metabolites accumulated at higher levels in the resistant population than the susceptible population. In addition, both recombinant PfGSTF2 and PfGSTF58 can attenuate cytotoxicity by reactive oxygen species (ROS), suggesting a role in plant defence against ROS generated by herbicides. Furthermore, the GST inhibitor (NBD‐Cl) reversed resistance in the resistant population, and PfGSTF2 (but not PfGSTF58) responded to NBD‐Cl inhibition. All these suggest that PfGSTF2 plays a significant role in the evolution of quizalofop resistance through enhanced herbicide metabolism in P. fugax.

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Multiple Herbicide Resistance in Annual Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) in the Southeastern Cropping Region of Australia

Mahajan,

Chauhan

2024

Agronomy

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Annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) is a problematic weed in winter crops and fallows in the southeastern cropping region (SCR) of Australia. This weed has evolved resistance to multiple herbicide groups, globally. In Australia, L. rigidum is more prevalent in the western and southern regions than in SCR. To assess the herbicide resistance status of L. rigidum, the response of five L. rigidum populations (collected from the SCR) to glyphosate, glufosinate, paraquat, haloxyfop-P-ethyl, and clethodim is determined using dose–response curves. Three parametric logistic models are used to determine the herbicide dose required to achieve 50% survival (LD50) and 50% growth reduction (GR50). The LD50 values for 50% survival at 28 days after treatment range from 1702 g a.e. ha−1 to 8225 g a.e. ha−1 for glyphosate, 1637 g a.i. ha−1 to 1828 g a.i. ha−1 for glufosinate, 141 g a.i. ha−1 to 307 g a.i. ha−1 for paraquat, 11 g a.i. ha−1 to 107 g a.i. ha−1 for haloxyfop-P-ethyl, and 17 g a.i. ha−1 to 48 g a.i. ha−1 for clethodim. The resistance factor, based on GR50 value, is highest in the S7 population (2.2 times) for glyphosate, the S11 population (2.3 times) for glufosinate, the S11 population (2.0 time) for paraquat, the S7 population (3.9 times) for haloxyfop-P-ethyl, and the S3 population (3.1 times) for clethodim, compared with the susceptible or less tolerant population. The S11 population is found to be resistant to five tested herbicides, based on resistance factors. Similarly, the S3 population is highly resistant to glyphosate, haloxyfop-P-ethyl, and clethodim compared with the W4 population. These results suggest that L. rigidum populations in the SCR exhibit resistance to multiple herbicide groups at labelled field rates. The findings highlight the necessity of adopting an integrated management approach, including the use of residual herbicides, tank mixing herbicides with different modes of action, and rotating herbicides in conjunction with cultural and mechanical control methods.

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Pyroxasulfone Metabolism in Resistant Lolium rigidum: Is It All Down to GST Activity?

Cited by 3 publications

References 50 publications

Interactions between prosulfocarb and trifluralin metabolism in annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum)

Interactions between prosulfocarb and trifluralin metabolism in annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum)

PfGSTF2 endows resistance to quizalofop‐p‐ethyl in Polypogon fugax by GSH conjugation

Multiple Herbicide Resistance in Annual Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) in the Southeastern Cropping Region of Australia

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