Pyrrolidinium-functionalized poly(arylene ether sulfone)s for anion exchange membranes: Using densely concentrated ionic groups and block design to improve membrane performance

Cross‐Linked Spirocyclic Quaternary Ammonium‐Based Anion Exchange Membrane with Tunable Properties for Fuel Cell Applications

“…The tensile strengths of [DAPip][OH] x are in the range of 12−17 MPa, with the tensile modulus of 431−568 MPa, and the values of elongation at break of 7−18%. The [DAPip][OH] 30 membrane exhibited a remarkable improvement of the elongation at break, and it is probably due to the hydrophilic phase ([DAPip][Br]) retain the absorbed water in the membrane, in which the absorbed water act as the plasticizers to increase their elongation at break . These results showed that the [DAPip][OH] x membranes show sufficient mechanical strength for the application of AEMFCs.…”

Comb-shaped cardo poly(arylene ether nitrile sulfone) anion exchange membranes: significant impact of nitrile group content on morphology and properties

“…Then the apparent activation energy (E a ) was calculated by E a ¼ ÀR Â b, where R represents the gas constant (8.314 J mol À1 K À1 ) and b refers to the slope of the ln s vs. 1000/T curves. 18 As shown in Fig. 4b, the E a of CCPENS-x membrane was estimated and decreased from 15.43 to 12.74 kJ mol À1 by increasing the nitrile group content.…”

“…It is considered that the nitrile groups with strong polarity could strengthen the intra/interchain interaction and thus restrict the water absorption and membrane swelling. 46,49 A comparison of the swelling ratio of CCPENS-x membranes with some random-type AEMs, 16,18 block-type AEMs, 27,29,31 sidechain-type AEMs 32,34,35 and comb-shaped AEMs [38][39][40] is shown in Fig. 3, as a function of IEC at 80 C. The CCPENS-x membranes displayed a lower swelling ratio at a moderate level of IEC, which reveals that the AEMs have good dimensional stabilities and anti-swelling properties.…”

“…However, the existing AEMs still suffer from some challenges such as the trade-off between dimensional stability and conductivity, and the poor alkaline durability, which delayed the large-scale commercialization of AEMFCs. [8][9][10] To achieve high-performance AEMs, materials such as poly(phenylene oxide), 11 poly(styrene), 12 poly(ionic liquid), 13 poly(ether imide), 14 polyolen, 15 poly(arylene ether ketone) 16 and poly(arylene ether sulfone) 17,18 were modied by incorporating with hydroxide ion exchange groups such as imidazolium, 19 quaternary ammonium, 14,15 guanidinium, 20 pyridinium, 21 morpholinium, 22 piperidinium, 11,23 pyrrolidinium, 18,24 phosphonium 25 and metal ions, 26 etc. Furthermore, the microstructure of the AEMs also plays a key role in membrane's properties.…”

Radiation-induced grafting of a butyl-spacer styrenic monomer onto ETFE: the synthesis of the most alkali stable radiation-grafted anion-exchange membrane to date

“…This can proceed via nucleophilic substitution on the N-methyl group (S N 2 NMe ) or ring-opening of the 5-membered heterocyclic ring. 29 A previous study of ETFE-based VBC-graed AEMs, with different head-groups, 16 observed 12-14% degradation that did not involve loss of N content (approximately constant for TMA-, MPY-and N-methylpiperidinium-based head-groups). To obtain further conrmation of the degradation mechanisms, solid-state 13 C and 14 N NMR spectra were recorded on the preand post-alkali-aged samples, but no discernible changes were observed on ageing (see Fig.…”