Pyrrolizidine alkaloids of Ipomoea hederifolia and related species

Chemistry and biology of calystegines

“…mauritanicus three esters of tropine were isolated. 83 Thus there is evidence for tropane alkaloid formation in Convolvulus species, which strengthens the assumption of a common biosynthetic pathway for calystegines and tropane alkaloids in Convolvulaceae as well.…”

Acquisition, transformation and maintenance of plant pyrrolizidine alkaloids by the polyphagous arctiid Grammia geneura

“…There is only one report indicating deterrent properties of 1,2-saturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids (Reina et al, 1997). In this context it is important to recall that there are plant taxa, like pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing orchids (Hartmann and Witte, 1995) or pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing Ipomoea species (Convolvulaceae) (Jenett-Siems et al, 1998), that produce exclusively esters of 1,2-saturated necine bases. If pyrrolizidine alkaloid-adapted larvae sequester these pyrrolizidine alkaloids and specifically convert them into insect-specific pyrrolizidine alkaloids by trans-esterification that can be maintained and transmitted to all life-stages (see 4.2.)…”

The long road of functional recruitment—The evolution of a gene duplicate to pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis in the morning glories (Convolvulaceae)

“…However, Convolvulaceae represent a special case, since the PAs detected in Convolvuloideae subfamily can be assigned to two different types. First, PAs with a saturated necine base including unique types of PAs known as ipangulines, minalobines and turneforcidine derivatives (Figure 1d , Jenett‐Siems et al, 1993 ; Jenett‐Siems et al, 1998 ; Jenett‐Siems et al, 2005 ; Tofern, 1999 ; Eich, 2008 ) occur in several species of the “Quamoclit” clade of Ipomoea L. (Figure 1b , clade B2‐1) and in Ipomoea meyeri (Spreng.) G. Don, located in the sister clade of the “Quamoclit” clade (Figure 1b , clade B2‐2, Muñoz‐Rodríguez et al, 2019 ).…”