Abstract:Dengue fever is a severe disease in the present time. Based on literature, there is no effective approved medicine available in the market for the treatment of dengue fever. This fever is spreading rapidly and there is an urgency to find the potential and cost‐effective antiviral compounds for the development of medicine to cure the patients from dengue fever. Different computational and experimental approaches have been tried to find the potential inhibitors for the nsP2B‐nsP3 protease of dengue virus. In the… Show more
“…In silico methods are being explored by the researchers due to the efficiency and strategic approach. Computational tools are used to create a library and filtering them to get the biological potent compound against a receptor [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. In this work, authors have designed a multi-component reaction (MCR) to produce pyrazolophthalazine via the one pot reaction between benzaldehyde, 2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione and oxazolidine-2,4-dione (OZD) and its feasibility was studied through DFT method using Gaussian 09.…”
Literature reported that nsp3 of CHIKV is an important target for the designing of drug as it involves in the replication, survival etc. Herein, about eighteen million molecules available in the ZINC database are filtered against nsp3 using RASPD. Top five hit drug molecules were then taken from the total screened molecules (6988) from ZINC database. Then, a one pot-three components reaction is designed to get the pyrazolophthalazine and its formation was studied using DFT method. Authors created a library of 200 compounds using the product obtained in the reaction and filtered against nsp3 of CHIKV based on docking using iGEMDOCK, a computational tool. Authors have studied the best molecules after applying the the Lipinski's rule of five and bioactive score. Further, the authors took the best compound i.e. CMPD178 and performed the MD simulations and tdMD simulations with nsp3 protease using AMBER18. MD trajectories were studied to collect the information about the nsp3 of CHIKV with and without screened compound and then, MM-GBSA calculations were performed to calculate change in binding free energies for the formation of complex. The aim of the work is to find the potential candidate as promising inhibitor against nsp3 of CHIKV.
“…In silico methods are being explored by the researchers due to the efficiency and strategic approach. Computational tools are used to create a library and filtering them to get the biological potent compound against a receptor [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. In this work, authors have designed a multi-component reaction (MCR) to produce pyrazolophthalazine via the one pot reaction between benzaldehyde, 2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione and oxazolidine-2,4-dione (OZD) and its feasibility was studied through DFT method using Gaussian 09.…”
Literature reported that nsp3 of CHIKV is an important target for the designing of drug as it involves in the replication, survival etc. Herein, about eighteen million molecules available in the ZINC database are filtered against nsp3 using RASPD. Top five hit drug molecules were then taken from the total screened molecules (6988) from ZINC database. Then, a one pot-three components reaction is designed to get the pyrazolophthalazine and its formation was studied using DFT method. Authors created a library of 200 compounds using the product obtained in the reaction and filtered against nsp3 of CHIKV based on docking using iGEMDOCK, a computational tool. Authors have studied the best molecules after applying the the Lipinski's rule of five and bioactive score. Further, the authors took the best compound i.e. CMPD178 and performed the MD simulations and tdMD simulations with nsp3 protease using AMBER18. MD trajectories were studied to collect the information about the nsp3 of CHIKV with and without screened compound and then, MM-GBSA calculations were performed to calculate change in binding free energies for the formation of complex. The aim of the work is to find the potential candidate as promising inhibitor against nsp3 of CHIKV.
Graphical abstract
In December, 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 was reported for the first time and the infected person is reported at Wuhan, China. Till date, about twenty four million people around the world are infected due to the SARS-CoV-2. The structure of this corona virus is new and different from other corona viruses. The genome has a positive sense single RNA strand and it is responsible for the encoding of the protein. The protease of the SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the cleavage and therefore, it should be targeted to develop medicine. Till date, no medicine or vaccine is in the market to cure from the infection. Researchers around the world are working on the development of efficacious and safe vaccine/ drug to cure from the infection. Therefore, the authors used previously synthesized compounds, xanthene-triazole-chloroquinoline/ xanthene-chloroquinoline hybrids for the inhibition of the main protease of the SARS-CoV-2 via using computational tools, molecular docking and ADMET properties.
COMD AP3
was found to be the best candidate from the library of the designed molecules. It has acceptable solubility along with the distribution and metabolism property. ADMET results corroborate the docking result towards the potency of
COMP AP3
.
“…binding energy. (Kumari, Singh et al 2017;Vishvakarma, Patel et al 2017;Vishvakarma, Singh et al 2017;Kumar, Singh et al 2019;Vishvakarma, Shukla et al 2019;Vishvakarma, Singh et al 2019;Vishvakarma, Kumari et al 2020) This binding energy is due to contribution by the hydrogen bonding, van der Waal's and electrostatic interaction between the amino-acids of the receptor and the small molecules. (Hsu, Chen et al 2011) The visualization of the interaction was studied using Discovery Studio Visualizer.…”
In the present scenario, the COVID-19 has affected the nations throughout the world. Till date, neither a vaccine nor a potential medicine is available for the cure from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Main protease of SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the replication and transcription. Further, this virus binds to the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) so there is need to find molecule, to avoid the binding of novel virus to ACE-2. It is reported that the molecules binds to falcipan-2 can help in the reduction of infection due to SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, there is a need to find promising candidate against the receptors, spread COVID-19. In the present work, kuwanons are proposed to be promising candidates against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2, ACE-2 and falcipan-2. The interaction between the different kuwanons with different receptors has been studied using the binding energy. Kuwanon M was found to best inhibitor against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE-2. Further, the drug-likeness properties of all the 16 kuwanons were studied. Kuwanon-M found to be best inhibitor against the ACE-2 and main protease of SARS-CoV-2 with binding energy of -165.349 and -149.952 kcal/mol respectively while kuwanon-G found out to promising against the falcipan-2 with a binding energy of -149.573 kcal/mol.
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