“Qi-Invigorating” Chinese Tonic Herbs (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Shens&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;) Stimulate Mitochondrial ATP Generation Capacity in H9c2 Cardiomyocytes &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;in Situ&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; and Rat Hearts &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;ex Vivo&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;

Wong, Hoi Shan; Cheung, Weng Fat; Tang, Wai Ling; Ko, Kam Ming

doi:10.4236/cm.2012.32016

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In addition, a recent study has shown that Qi-invigorating herbs can increase the energy charge in cultured rat myocytes as well as in rat skeletal muscle [4]. Consistent with this, a previous study in our laboratory has found that the three Qi-invigorating herbs (DS, RS and XYS) can increase adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-generation capacity (ATP-GC) in cultured H9c2 cardiomyocytes [5]. Interestingly, DS, RS and XYS differ in the nature of their meridian tropism, in which DS and RS but not XYS can act through the "Spleen" meridian.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…According to TCM theory, the three "Shen" herbs (DS, RS and XYS) are traditionally used for Qi-invigoration, which can be viewed in terms of an up-regulation of energy status as well as the stimulation of growth and development of the human body [2]. A previous study in our laboratory has demonstrated that the "Shen" herbs under investigation are able to increase ATP-GC in cultured H9c2 cardiomyocytes [5]. Results obtained in the present study showed that the three "Shen" ethanolic extracts stimulated the proliferation of primary splenocytes in vitro and increased ATP-GC in cultured Caco 2 colon epithelial cells in vitro.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacological Investigation of “Meridian Tropism” in Three “Shen” Chinese Herbs

Leong¹,

Leung²,

Chan³

et al. 2019

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"Meridian tropism" refers to the organ-specific biological action(s) produced by a Chinese herb following its oral administration, which is analogous to the concept of "bioavailability" in Western medicine. In this study, we compared the in vitro and ex vivo pharmacological actions of three herbs [namely, Dangshen (DS, Codonopsis Radix), Ranshen (RS, Ginseng Radix) and Xiyangshen (XYS, Panacis Qinquifolii Ra-dix)] to validate their meridian tropism. We compared the in vitro and ex vivo pharmacological actions [i.e. the ability to increase splenocyte proliferation and adenosine triphosphategeneration capacity (ATP-GC)] of the ethanolic extracts of DS, RS and XYS to validate their meridian tropism. Results showed that DS, RS and XYS (at 30-300 μg/mL) can both stimulate the proliferation of primary mouse splenocytes in vitro and increase adenosine triphosphate-generation capacity (ATP-GC) in cultured Caco 2 colon epithelial cells in vitro. Interestingly, oral administration of DS and RS (but not XYS, at 3 and 6 g/kg/day × 3 consecutive days) was found to stimulate the proliferation of splenocytes ex vivo at 24 h post-treatment in mice. Similarly, DS and RS (but not XYS) increased the ATP-GC of mitochondrial fractions isolated from a small segment of mouse intestine at 48 h post-treatment. This observation is consistent with the meridian tropism of the pharmacological action of "Shen", i.e., the accessibility of DS and RS (but not XYS) to the "Spleen" meridian. The comparison between the results obtained from in vitro and in vivo/ex vivo bioassays may offer a potential method for assessing meridian tropism in Chinese herbs.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological Investigation of “Meridian Tropism” in Three “Shen” Chinese Herbs

Leong¹,

Leung²,

Chan³

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…11 Other study also demonstrated significant increases in ATP in H9c2 cardiomyocytes in vitro when supplemented with Panax ginseng . 6 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown that Qi-invigorating herbs including Panax ginseng can affect mitochondria energy production 6 and antioxidant capacity. 7 The active ingredients such as polysaccharide and ginsenoside in Panax ginseng extracts played an important role in alleviating cellular oxidative stress through either the reduction in ROS levels, 8 or protection from lipid peroxides and increase in SOD levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Biochemical Basis of the Meridian Tropism Theory for the Qi-Invigorating Traditional Chinese Medicine Herb Panax ginseng

Li¹,

Chen²,

Cai³

et al. 2021

J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med

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We examined the effect of the Qi-invigorating Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) herb Panax ginseng ( P.G.) on mitochondrial functions and cellular antioxidant capacity in different organs of mice. We found that the P.G. extracts had a significant effect on tissues of mice, with the generation of total adenylate pool (TAP) enhanced in all visceral tissues, but not for the brain. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and antioxidant capacity reflected by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) increased only for the meridian tissues that P.G. belongs to including Heart, Spleen and Lung. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), as a combined result of the increased energy metabolism and antioxidant capacity, varied in different organs. We concluded that: 1) the Qi-invigorating TCM herb P.G. had a significant effect on mice by enhancing TAP production in all of the visceral tissues examined, except for the brain; 2) for the meridional tissues of P.G. (Heart, Spleen and Lung), the P.G. extracts not only promoted the TAP production, but also boosted the antioxidant capacity demonstrated by the simultaneous increase in TAP, and SOD and GSH.

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“…Qi in the TCM system and mitochondria in modern medicine system play similar roles in providing power for cells and promoting the transformation of material and energy [3], and therefore, a connection between the mitochondria and Qi has been suggested [4] [5] [6]. In addition, many researchers have proposed that there is a great deal of similarity in their characteristics and functions between Qi and mitochondria [7] [8] [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of TCM Herbs on Mitochondrial Functions: The Linkage between Qi and Mitochondria

Chen¹,

Feng²,

Li³

et al. 2020

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The linkage between Qi and mitochondria was investigated by exploring the effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Qi-invigorating herbs on mitochondrial function at the biochemical and molecular levels. Three Chinese herbs (Astragali radix, Herba cistanche, Panax ginseng) were used to treat cultured mouse kidney cells and the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was measured. The Qi-invigorating herb, Astragali radix, was selected for further study using additional biological and molecular parameters, including ATP, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mtDNA copies, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), cell growth, cell viability and transcriptomes. We also chose two concentrations of Astragali radix to study the hormetic effect. The results indicated that: 1) Qi-invigorating herbs have significant effects on the function of mitochondria, with ATP production and the antioxidant capacity being significantly enhanced, and ROS levels being reduced, allowing for a more optimal oxidation environment. The effect of the herbs followed a hormetic curve with a stimulating effect at lower doses but an inhibiting effect at high doses; 2) The growth of the cells was not affected despite numerous biochemical changes associated with mitochondrial function, indicating the powerful ability of mitochondria to maintain cellular homeostasis; 3) The up-regulation of NOCT gene, related to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) synthesis, offers a molecular basis for the ATP-promoting effect of the Qi-invigorating herbs. This work provides additional insight into the efficacy of TCM herbs from a western perspective.

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“Qi-Invigorating” Chinese Tonic Herbs (<i>Shens</i>) Stimulate Mitochondrial ATP Generation Capacity in H9c2 Cardiomyocytes <i>in Situ</i> and Rat Hearts <i>ex Vivo</i>

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Pharmacological Investigation of “Meridian Tropism” in Three “Shen” Chinese Herbs

Pharmacological Investigation of “Meridian Tropism” in Three “Shen” Chinese Herbs

Exploring the Biochemical Basis of the Meridian Tropism Theory for the Qi-Invigorating Traditional Chinese Medicine Herb Panax ginseng

The Effect of TCM Herbs on Mitochondrial Functions: The Linkage between Qi and Mitochondria

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