QR code based patient data protection in ECG steganography

Mathivanan, P.; Jero, S. Edward; Ramu, Palaniappan; Ganesh, A. Balaji

doi:10.1007/s13246-018-0695-y

Cited by 28 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Araghi et al 46,49 have proposed an image steganography technique using DWT and 2D SVD that has achieved an average PSNR value of 46 dB with variable payload capacity is found to be better than Siddharth et al 48 and Mathivanan et al 45 Mathivanan et al 47 have proposed an ECG steganography using DWT and pixel swapping achieved a PSNR value of 45.63 dB with a payload efficiency of 21 k‐bits which is observed to be better than Siddharth et al 48 and Mathivanan et al 45 The proposed scheme described in this study considers the payload capacity of 64 k‐bits, and the obtained results are found to be better than Siddharth et al 48 and Mathivanan et al 45 Moreover, the imperceptibility of the proposed scheme is found to be good in comparison with Yang and Wang, 28 Siddharth et al, 48 Mathivanan et al, 47 Patil et al 50 and Mathivanan et al, 45 and is replicated in the PSNR value of 59.64 dB. Mathivanan et al and Yang and Wang 28 PSNR values are 51.4 dB and 56.34 dB which are found to be better than Siddharth et al, 48 Mathivanan et al 47 and Patil et al 50 However, it considers a very low payload of 229 bits and 7500 bits compared to other traditional algorithms as shown in Table 4.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…If the noise density is high, the information extracted results in greater distortion, with an increase in the BER value, as illustrated by Figure 10A‐C. The results have shown a better resistance to noise than other conventional techniques 31‐45 . The results of the proposed scheme are compared with other steganography techniques, as shown in Table 4.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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ECG steganography based on tunable Q‐factor wavelet transform and singular value decomposition

Mathivanan

Ganesh

2020

Int J Imaging Syst Tech

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The article presents a novel ECG steganography scheme based on the tunable Q‐factor wavelet transformation (TQWT) and also singular value decomposition (SVD) techniques that ensure better safety and confidentiality of patient information. Initial parameters such as Q, r, and J are used to decompose the cover signal into individual frequency sub‐bands with the tunable Q‐factor wavelet transform (TQWT). The singular value decomposition (SVD) technique is used to further decompose high‐frequency sub‐band coefficients into singular values. The watermark information is then embedded with high‐frequency sub‐band coefficients by involving the quantization process. The performance of this proposed system is successfully evaluated by considering various metrics, such as peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index (SSIM), percentage residual difference (PRD), and bit error rate (BER). The simulation results of the proposed scheme are observed to be better than other traditional algorithms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

ECG steganography based on tunable Q‐factor wavelet transform and singular value decomposition

Mathivanan

Ganesh

2020

Int J Imaging Syst Tech

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“…Multiple Input and Multiple Output (MIMO) technology with equal distribution modulation Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex(OFDM) also combined with LSB [21]. LSB process also applied with calculating the DWT value [23,30]. Implementation of LSB also developed with counting determinant matrix value to transforms matrix value [33], there is also purposing LSB substitution's implementation with counting value of Pixel Value Differencing (PVD) and Exploiting Modiffiction Directing (EMD) [29].…”

Section: A Methods Development In Steganography and Cryptographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Steganography Technique: A Survey

Ardhianto¹,

Warnars²,

Soewito³

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the 1st International Multidisciplinary Conference on Education, Technology, and Engineering (IMCETE 2019)

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The improved technology in information security, now day has been being still developed. This, cause of the object called data which still has an important role in communications. There are two kinds of security technique, they are called steganography and cryptography. This paper will discuss growth of steganography technique from 2015 to 2019. The data obtained from journals and identified as a systematic literature review. The results are that improvement in steganography still developed by modifying the algorithm, combining the method and threating at parallel processing. Future, utilization of steganography is still needed, considered that communication channels are growing fast and sophisticated.

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“…Further, Pan–Tompkins algorithm is used to convert the 1D-ECG signal to 2D-ECG image. The proposed work outperforms in terms of imperceptibility when compared with existing state-of-the-art [ 33 , 34 ]. Nambakhsh et al proposed lossless dual watermarking technique to securely transmit ECG signal and patient ID and avoid diagnosis mismatching [ 35 ].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…To increase the robustness, pseudo random sequence is used for embedding. Another secure and imperceptible steganography technique is proposed by Mathivanan et al in [ 34 ] where the encoded patient data is transmitted through ECG signal. The 1D ECG signal is converted into 2D image using DWT technique.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%