QTL Mapping Based on Different Genetic Systems for Essential Amino Acid Contents in Cottonseeds in Different Environments

Abstract

Cottonseeds are rich in various essential amino acids. However, the inheritance of them at molecular level are still not defined across various genetic systems. In the present study, using a newly developed mapping model that can analyze the embryo and maternal main effects as well as QTL × environment interaction effects on quantitative quality trait loci (QTLs) in cottonseeds, a study on QTL located in the tetraploid embryo and tetraploid maternal plant genomes for essential amino acid contents in cottonseeds under different environments was carried out, using the immortal F2 (IF2) populations from a set of 188 recombinant inbred lines derived from an intraspecific hybrid cross of two upland cotton germplasms HS46 and MARKCBUCAG8US-1-88 as experimental materials. The results showed a total of 35 QTLs associated with these quality traits in cottonseeds. Nineteen QTLs were subsequently mapped on chromosome 5, 6 and 8 in sub-A genome and chromosome 15, 18, 22 and 23 in sub-D genome. Eighteen QTLs were also found having QTL × environment (QE) interaction effects. The genetic main effects from QTLs located on chromosomes in the embryo and maternal plant genomes and their QE effects in different environments were all important for these essential amino acids in cottonseeds. The results suggested that the influence of environmental factors on the expression of some QTLs located in different genetic systems should be considered when improving for these amino acids. This study can serve as the foundation for the improvement of these essential amino acids in cottonseeds.

Quantitative trait loci controlling the amino acid content in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

“…Identification of the genes controlling AAC is important to facilitate breeding for improved amino acid composition. There have been several studies on the mapping of quantitative trait locus (QTL) controlling AAC in soybeans (Panthee et al 2006), wheat (Jiang et al 2013), cotton Liu et al 2012;Liu et al 2013), and rapeseed (Wen et al 2014); however, few studies have been performed to identify QTLs for AAC in rice (Wang et al 2008;Zheng et al 2008;Zhao et al 2009;Lu et al 2009). These studies have provided useful genetic information for improving the nutritional quality of rice.…”

“…Identification of the genes controlling AAC is important to facilitate breeding for improved amino acid composition. There have been several studies on the mapping of quantitative trait locus (QTL) controlling AAC in soybeans (Panthee et al 2006), wheat (Jiang et al 2013), cotton (Quampah et al 2012Liu et al 2012;Liu et al 2013), and rapeseed (Wen et al 2014); however, few studies have which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. …”

Identification of hydrated and dehydrated lipids and protein secondary structures in seeds of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) lines Diwas Kumar Silwal

“…Cottonseed kernels have been pressed for the extraction of oil which can be directly used as cooking oil for human consumption as it contains low level of saturated fatty acids and possesses a high level of natural antioxidants 'tocopherols' [4]. Kernels are the most nutritious part which contains 28.24 to 44.05% of oil and 27.83 to 45.6% of protein along with 17 different kinds of amino acids [5]. Whole cottonseed (WCS) feed increases milk production and fat test in high-producing dairy cow and does not interfere with forage digestion when fed at a reasonable level.…”

QTL mapping based on the embryo and maternal genetic systems for non‐essential amino acids in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) meal

“…With the development of molecular marker technology, QTL mapping method and mapping models, elucidating the genetic basis of heritable quantitative traits can be achieved for most quality traits. Several studies on QTL mapping for amino acid contents in rice, soybean, wheat, cotton and rapeseed are available; however, few studies have been conducted to evaluate genomic regions controlling non‐essential amino acid in rapeseed. QTL mapping for rapeseed quality traits such as oil content, fatty acid composition and protein content had been studied, but they were only in consideration of QTLs expressed in the embryo nuclear genome.…”

“…Quality traits of seed grown on its maternal plant had been proved to be simultaneously controlled by the genetic effects from the genes expressed in both of the embryo and maternal plant genomes across environments . With a new QTL mapping model and corresponding software package (QTLNetwork) developed by Yang et al , it would be possible to dissect the genetic architecture of complex quantitative trait into the genetic main effects of individual QTL and the interaction effects between QTL and environmental factors, which had been successfully applied in the two‐genetic‐system QTL mapping for quality traits of rice, cotton and rapeseed …”