Qualidade de vida em indivíduos com transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo: revisão da literatura

Abstract

A b s t r a c t Objective: Obsessive-compulsive disorder affects between 1.6 and 3.1% of the population. Due to the distress caused by obsessive-compulsive disorder leading to disability as well as the prevalence of the disease, there has been an increase in the number of studies focusing on the general well-being of patients by assessing quality of life. Method: A literature review of the studies that investigated the quality of life of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder was performed. The search was carried out in the following database: Medline, SciELO and PsychoInfo, and the following key-words were used "quality of life" AND "obsessive-compulsive disorder". Twenty-seven articles about the topic were selected. The results from this study describe the areas most severely affected by the disorder as well as the relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder and quality of life. In addition, the effects of the treatment on the patients' quality of life are presented. Results: The social and familial relationships and the occupational performance (capacity to work and study) were the areas most severely affected by the disorder, and, although there was an improvement with the treatment, these areas remain at a poor level of performance. The obsessions were associated with the most significant impairment of the quality of life if compared to the compulsions (rituals). Conclusions:Results from the selected studies suggest that obsessive-compulsive disorder patients have an impairment of quality of life. The level of impairment is similar to that of schizophrenic patients. Future studies with different designs are necessary so that more consistent results can be established.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy of a case of obsessive-compulsive disorder

“…Individuals with OCD have many fears. They are superstitious, perfectionists, plodders and get embarrassed about carrying out rituals, all characteristics that provoke constant squabbles and social isolation (Niederauer, Braga, Souza, Meyer, & Cordioli, 2007). In addition to the devastating consequences which the disorder brings to the life of the sufferer, OCD also usually interferes with family life.…”

Sobrecarga em familiares de indivíduos com transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo

“…Aspectos como a situação ocupacional resultante do acometimento do indivíduo em fases produtivas da vida 5 e de comprometimentos pessoais 4 , o quadro clínico composto por formas mistas 5 e o fato de residirem com familiares e terem contato diário entre si 11 apresentam-se em concordância com registros na literatura.…”

“…Essa comorbidade tem sido apontada como se relacionando com gravidade, cronicidade, resposta terapêutica insatisfatória e pior prognóstico 24 , e a existência de sintomas depressivos associados ao TOC tem sido observada como vinculada a alterações negativas mais significativas na qualidade de vida do indivíduo com TOC 4 .…”

“…Relativamente ao indivíduo com TOC -quarto diagnóstico psiquiátrico mais comum [4][5][6] , encontrando-se entre os cinco transtornos mentais integrantes da lista das patologias implicadas nas maiores taxas de incapacidade do mundo 7 -, registros na literatura têm indicado que cerca de 30% dos indivíduos não obtêm os resultados almejados com o tratamento, sendo o apoio e o funcionamento familiar fatores extrínsecos ao transtorno que podem interferir nesse resulltado 8 .…”

“…Niederauer et al 4 verificaram estudos indicando que no TOC os relacionamentos familiares e sociais são as áreas mais afetadas pelo transtorno 4 .…”