Qualitative and quantitative analysis of flavonoids from 12 species of Korean mulberry leaves

Abstract

The total flavonoids in leaves of 12 varieties of Korean mulberry (Morus alba L.) were determined. Seventeen flavonoids were isolated and analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC–DAD–QTOF/MS). To determine the flavonoid contents, HPLC analysis was performed on these 17 flavonoids. The total flavonoid contents of the 12 varieties of mulberry leaves ranged from 748.5 to 1297.9 mg, with the highest obtained from the Cheong Su variety (1297.9 ± 112.0 mg). Among the 17 flavonoids analyzed, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (rutin) and quercetin 3-O-glucoside (isoquercitrin) had highest contents in the Cheong Su variety. Furthermore, the Dae Dang Sang variety gave the highest quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (rutin) content among the mulberry leaves investigated, at 425.5 ± 45.9 mg. Major flavonols from Dae Dang Sang were detected by UPLC–DAD–QTOF/MS. A total of 17 flavonoid compound peaks were identified in the analysis time range of 5–40 min, all of which were kaempferol and quercetin glycosides. Seven of the 17 compounds identified in mulberry leaves were unknown.

The Effect of Adding the Leaves and Fruits of Morus alba to Rape Honey on Its Antioxidant Properties, Polyphenolic Profile, and Amylase Activity

“…The main identified polyphenols were chlorogenic acid isomers and glycosides of quercetin and kaempferol, including numerous acetylated and malonylated derivatives ( Table 3). These compounds are the dominant secondary metabolites of mulberry, which was confirmed by literature reports [19][20][21]. However, Yu et al [8], based on HPLC-MS analysis among 19 tested mulberry cultivars, selected only six that exhibited a high polyphenolics content, resulting in a high antioxidant activity of leaf extracts.…”

Phytochemical Profiling and Fingerprint Analysis of Chinese Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Leaves of 66 Cultivars from Xinjiang Province

“…Quercetin-O-glycosides can occur as monosaccharides or oligosaccharides consisting of two or more sugar units. These compounds are widely found in various fruits, vegetables, and other anatomical parts of plants [17][18][19].…”

UPLC-DAD-QTOF/MS Analysis of Flavonoids from 12 Varieties of Korean Mulberry Fruit

“…Another study found that the total flavonoid contents in the fruits, leaves, and roots of two mulberry varieties (M. alba and M. nigra) ranged between 0.8948 and 67.369 mg RE (rutin equivalents)/g of dried extract, with the contents in the leaves and roots being higher than those in the fruit [44]. Recently, Ju et al [37] reported that the total contents of the 17 flavonoids isolated from the leaves of 12 mulberry varieties ranged from 748.5 to 1297.9 mg/100 g DW. In addition, various flavonoid derivatives (moragrols A-D, kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-glucoside, morkotin B, and quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-glucoside) other than those found in mulberry fruits in this study were found in mulberry leaves.…”

“…In (Figure 2(c)). Ju et al [37] reported seven new quercetin (morkotin A, B, and C) and kaempferol (moragrol A, B, C, and D) compounds by UPLC-DAD-QTOF/MS analysis of flavonoids from mulberry leaves. However, the quercetin derivatives morkotin A and morkotin C have not previously been reported in mulberry fruit.…”